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Revolutionary 



EMORiAL Society 



OF 



New Jersey. 



^;^ 



INCORPORATED APRIL 27, 1897. 



£21,3 



GIFT 

BUflS, WOODROV/ WILSOS! 

KOV. 25, 1939 



Certificate of Incorporation of the 
"Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey." 



^hiS is to QTcVtifl]. that, at a regular meeting of the 
Patriotic Society known as the "Revolutionary Memorial Society of 
New Jersey," which has a membership of upwards of fifteen persons, 
the following persons were elected, as officers: 

Richard F. Stevens, President. 

Mrs. Margaret C. Hodenpyl, Vice President. 

Miss E. Ellen BatcheUer, Vice President. 

Ernest E. Coe, Treasurer. 

William Pennington, Corresponding Secretary. 

Francis B. Lee, Recording Secretary. 

Miss E. Mabel Flood, Assistant Secretary. 

Mrs. Mary B. Sandborn, Custodian. 
The following persons comprise the Board of Trustees of said 
Society: 

Richard F. Stevens, Mrs. Emily G. Stevens, William R. Weeks, 
Mrs. Irene L. Weeks, Ernest E Coe, Willian Pennington, Miss E. 
Ellen Batcheller, Mrs. Elizabeth Olendorf, Mrs. Margaret V. D. 
Anderson, James J. Bergen, Peter V. D. Van Doren, Arthur P. Sutphen, 
Mrs. A. L. C. Hardwicke, Mrs. Mary E. B. Sandborn, Francis B. Lee, 
Mrs. Margaret C. Hodenpyl, Mrs. Dorothea M. Wright, John 
Whitehead, Mrs. Mary Anna Gaddis, Peter DeWitt, John V. Voorhees, 
Mrs. Augusta Dahlgren, Spencer Weart, Foster C. Griffith, William H. 
Taylor, Mrs. A. E. B. Martin, Mrs. Mary S. Ward, Mrs. Emily W. 
Roebling, Edwin P. C. Lewis, Gen. Robert G. Stockton, Mrs. Garretta 
M. Dickinson. 

The purposes of said Society are to preserve and restore buildings 
and monuments connected with the American Revolution, to mark the 
sites where memorable incidents occured during that period, and to 
keep alive patriotic sentiments, 



4 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

It is the intention of said Society to take the title to the Wallace 
property at Somerville, New Jersey, occupied by General Washington 
as his Headquarters in the 1778-9, near Camp Middlebrook. 

This Certificate is made in compliance with the terms of the Act 
entitled "An Act to incorporate patriotic societies," approved April 3, 
1S97, so that said Society may become a body corporate. 

Witness our hands and official designations, this Fifteenth day of 
April, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven. 

Richard F. Stevens, President. 

Margaret C, Hodenpyl, Vice President. 

E. Ellen Batcheller, Vice President. 

Ernest E. Coe, Treasurer. 

Francis B. Lee, Recording Secretary. 

William Pennington, Corresponding Secretary. 

Mary B. Sandborn, Custodian. 

E. Ma-bel Flood, Assistant Secretary. 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 
Department of State. 

I, George Wurts, Secretary of State of the State of New Jersey, do hereby 
Certify, that the foregoing is a true copy of the Certificate of Incorporation of 
"Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey," and the endorsements thereon, 
as the same is taken from and compared with the original filed in my office on the 
Twenty-second day of April, A. D. 1897, and now remaining on file therein. 

In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set 
— ^-^ my hand and affixed my Official Seal, 

j ) at Trenton, this Twenty-third day of 

I ^'^^ ^ April, A. D. 1S97. 

'- , -- George Wurts, 

Secretary of State. 



^ 



Officers of the Revolutionary Memorial Society 
of New Jersey. 



President, Richard F. Stevens, 

Vice President, Mrs. George H. Hodenpyl, - 

Vice President, Miss E. Ellen Batcheller, 

Treasurer, Ernest E, Coe, 

Corresponding Secretary, William Pennington, 

Recording Secretary, Francis B. Lee, 

Assistant Secretary, Miss E. Mabel Flood 

Curator, Mrs. Hugh B. Reed, 

Trustees. 

Miss E. Ellen Batcheller, 
Mrs. Charles B. Dahlgren, 
Miss Kate Deshler, 
Mrs. S. M. Dickinson, 
Mrs. Elisha B. Gaddis, 
Mrs. Henry Hardwicke, 
Mrs. George H. Hodenpyl, 
airs. A F. R. Martin, 
Mrs. John Olendorf, 
Mrs. E. G. Putnam, 
Mrs. Washington A. Roebling, 
Mrs. G. W. Sanborn, 
Mrs. Richard F. Stevens, 
Mrs. Robert Ward, 
Mrs. William R. Weeks, 
Mrs. Edward H. Wright, 



Newark, N. J 

- Summit, N. J 
Millstone, N. J 

- Newark, N. J 
Newark, N. J 

- Trenton, N. J 
Newark, N. J 

Somerville, N. J 



Hon. James J. Bergen, 
Mr. Ernest E. Coe, 
Mr. Peter DeWitt, 
Mr. Foster C. Griffith, 
Mr. Francis B. Lee, 
Mr. E. A. S. Lewis, 
Mr. William Pennington, 
Gen. Richard F. Stevens, 
Gen. Robert F. Stockton, 
Mr. Arthur P. Sutphen, 
Mr. William H. Taylor, 
Mr. Peter Van Doren, 
Mr. John V. Voorhees, 
Mr. Spencer Weart, 
Mr. William R. Weeks, 
Hon. John Whitehead. 



BY-LAWS. 



ARTICLE I. 

Name. 

Section i. The name of tlie Society shall be the " Revolutionary Memorial 
Society of New Jersey." 

Objects. 

Sec. 2. The objects of the Society shall be to preserve and restore buildings 
and monuments connected with the American Revolution, to mark the sites 
where memorable incidents occurred during that period, and to keep alive patriotic 
sentiments. 

ARTICLE II. 
Members 

Sec. I. The members shall consist of persons who have purchased or shall 
hereafter purchase one or more shares of stock. 

Sec 2. Any resident of the United States, of good moral character, shall be 
eligible to become a member of the Society 

Sec. 3. All persons purchasing original shares of stock shall be deemed 
charter members and shall be enrolled upon the books as such. 

Sec. 4. The affairs of the Society shall be controlled by the shareholders, 
and they shall be entitled to vote at all meetings of a business nature. 

After the sum of ^7,000 has been paid into the treasury, the Trustees may, at 
any time, provide for a membership to be designated as contributing members, 
who will pay annual dues of one dollar, and shall be permitted to attend the 
meetings and take part in the discussions, but shall not be entitled to vote. 

ARTICLE III. 
Officers. 

Sec. I. The ofScers of the Society shall be as follows: A President, two Vice 
Presidents, a Treasurer, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary, a Cus- 
todian and a Historian, to be elected b}' the Board of Trustees, as hereinafter 
provided 

Sec. 2. The Society shall be governed by a Board of Trustees, of thirty-two 
(32 I persons, composed of an equal number of men and women, of the sharehold- 
ers, to serve four years, eight of whom shall be elected each year, at the annual 
meeting. The officers mentioned in Section i of this Article shall be ex-officio 
members of the Board. 

Sec. 3. The Board of Trustees shall have full power to control and manage 
the affairs of the Society, subject to the act of incorporation and these By-laws. 



8 Revolulwfiary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Sec. 4. They shall, at their first meeting after the annual meeling of the 
Society, elect the officers above enumerated, who shall serve for one year, or until 
their successors are elected. 

Sec. 5. They shall have power to fill vacancies in their body until the next 
annual election, arising from death, resignation, or other causes. 

Sec. 6. They shall have full power to enact such By-laws for their govern - 
ment as they see fit. 

ARTICLE IV. 
Meetings. 

Sec. I. There shall be two regular meetings of tlie Society each )-ear, one to 
be held on the third Saturday of January, and the other on such day. during the 
summer as the Board of Trustees may elect. All meetings shall be held at the 
Headquarters at Somerville, unless otherwise provided for by the Board of Trustees. 

Sec. 2. Special meetings of the Society may be called by the Board of Trus- 
tees whenever they see fit. 

Sec. 3. Ten days notice must be given members of all meetings of the Society. 

Sec. 4. Fifteen members shall constitute a quorum to transact business at 
any meeting of the Society. 

ARTICLE V. 
Insignia. 
Sec. I. The Insignia of the Society shall consist of a badge suspended from a 
ribbon by a ring of gold. The badge shall be circular in form, an inch in 
diameter, with a medallion in the center of the head of Washington in gold' 
on a blue ground, the medallion to be connected by gold spokes with a rim 
of blue enamel surrounded by thirteen stars of gold, the inscription on the rim to 
be, in gold lettering — "Rev. Mem. Soc. of New Jersey, 1776-1S96." On the 
reverse side may be engraved the name of the member, with date of membership. 
The ribbon shall be buff with a thin stripe of blue, of the shade of the enamel on 
the rim, near the outer edge, one inch wide, with a gold bar and pin at top. 

The Insignia may also be used in the form of a pin, of same design, but of 
smaller pattern. 

The Insignia may be worn by the members on all occasions when they 
assemble as such, for any stated purpose or celebration, and may be worn on any 
occasion of ceremony. 

ARTICLE VI. 
Order of Business. 
Sec. I. The order of business shall be: 
Roll call. 
Reading of minutes. 

3. E.eading of communications and motions relative thereto. 

4. Reports of officers. 

5. Reports of committees. 
Unfinished business laid over from previous meetings. 
Miscellaneous business, motions and resolutions; discussions. 

ARTICLE VII. 
Sec. i. These By-laws can be altered or amended at any meeting of the 
Society by a two-thirds vote of those present and entitled to vote. 



Proceedings at the formal opening of tiie Wallace 
House, Somer\111e, New Jersey, June 17, 1897. 



The meeting was called to order by Richard F. Stevens, Presi- 
dent, followed by an invocation by the Rev. Harrison B. Wright, of 
Somerville, as follows : 

"Almighty God, whose kingdom is everlasting, and power infinite, 
we ofTer to thy sovereign care to-day this undertaking about which 
we are here gathered together. In thy infinite wisdom, thou hast 
allowed this fair land to grow and increase on the foundations laid by 
him whose memory we now honor. 

' ' Dost thou always cause us to be stable and faithful in that patri- 
otic love of country of which he was ever the exemplar and pattern. 
May we in our government never depart from the high ideals which he 
represented, and which he taught so forcibly and so successfully. 

" Dost thou keep us at peace, at home and abroad ; wilt thou, in 
thy mercy, keep us in the van of true Christian civilization. But, if 
the necessity should arise, wilt thou infuse our souls with patriotic 
ardor and courage, so that, as freemen, we shall withstand oppression, 
repel invasion and trample on treason. 

" O King of kings and Lord of lords, O God of nations, as Thou 
didst preside in the Councils of the Apostles, grant us thy presidenc}' 
this day in our deliberations and acts. Dost thou bless the relics of our 
forefathers, now to be dedicated to the public use. May this venerated 
building be the center about which shall revolve the patriotic sympathy 
of our children and our children's children. 

"To thy name, O Holy Father, we lift our praise and thanks- 
giving to-day, for thy dear Son's sake. Amen." 

On behalf of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Mr. 
Theodore Shafer, in presenting the beautiful flag and flagstafi, the gift 
of that Order to the Society, spoke as follows ; 



I o Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, Brothers : 

The Junior Order of United American Mechanics consider it a 
privilege, and I, personally, deem it a great honor, to participate in the 
services of this afternoon. 

I have been commissioned by this patriotic body to present to this 
Memorial Society, that which they love best, next to God, home and 
native land, this flag, the sj'mbol of our Union, strength and devotion. 

As men we believe in Virtue, Liberty and Patriotism ; as men we 
are banded together to sustain our national government, to further 
American interests and to protect American institutions. As men we 
count no sacrifice great that in the end our Nation may sit as Queen 
among the Powers of the earth. 

Underneath all our principles, deeply embedded in the breast of 
each, is the old Greek adage, " In the morning of life work, at midday 
counsel, at evening pray." He works best who prays much. He prays 
most effectually who works persistently and wisely. Our aim is 
to make our Nation better, purer, more honorable for our living. If it 
be at the anvil, in the workshop, on the farm, we have determined to 
do our best. If it be at our briefs, our desks or in the pulpit, our 
desire is to impart strength and inspire hope, and make life nobler, 
more helpful, sweeter. 

Standing as we do on historic ground, our minds inevitably revert 
to the past and memory recalls the deeds and conflicts and struggles 
and sufferings of our noble ancestry. But the deeds and heroic acts of 
Bunker Hill, of Concord and Lexington, of Valley Forge, will be as 
nothing unless the unparalleled virtues of our forefathers are inwrought 
and shine out in our every day and present living. The past is glorious 
but the loving charity of the present shows us to be sons of noble sires. 
Therefore as daughters and sons of such self-sacrificing sires, let us 
make our generation radiant with the beauty of the past and pray with 
the old Greek philosopher, " O Lord make me beautiful within," and 
thus exemplifying the Biblical truth, "From the abundance ef the 
heart the mouth speaketh." Therefore, in the name of the Junior 
Order of United American Mechanics, I present through you, Mr. 
President, to this Memorial Society, this flag, the Stars and Stripes, 
the banner of our Nation. And as we see it float from yonder staff" may 
there be kindled in the breast of all, the same enthusiasm and devotion 
which led the poet to say : 

'■ Breathes there a man with soul so dead. 
Who never to himself has said. 
This is my own, my native land." 



opening of the Wallace House at Somerville. ii 

President Stevens responded to Mr. Shafer as follows: 

MR. CHAIRMAN AND GENTLEMEN OF THE JUNIOR ORDER OF UNITED 
AMERICAN MECHANICS: 

It devolves upon me as President of the Revolutionary Memorial 
Societ}' of New Jersey, to accept from you in their behalf this most 
beautiful and fitting gift. For what can be more beautiful, than this 
starry flag which floats over every foot of our beloved land, from the 
rock-bound coasts of Maine to the Golden shores of the Pacific, and 
from the great chain of lakes at the North to the sunlit waters of the 
Gulf of Mexico; and what more fitting place for it than this old home 
of Washington, the one who first unfurled it to the breeze and bore it 
aloft successfully to victory, a victory which has assured to every in- 
habitant of this broad land of ours the priceless boon of life, liberty and 
the pursuit of happinsss. Rest assured gentlemen, that we will prize 
this banner as our choicest possession and will ever remember the 
kindly spirit of the donors who presented it. 

The "Star Spangled Banner" was next sung by the Somerville 
Quartette, the audience joining, when President Stevens delivered the 
following address on the history and authenticity of the Wallace House. 



^ 



Address of the President. 



The Valley of the Raritau was from the earliest times of its settle- 
ment down to the end of the Revolutionary period full of incidents of 
historic interest. 

Settled originally in the latter part of the seventeenth century by 
Dutch and Scotch pioneers, a hardy race of men devoted to the prin- 
ciples of liberty and freedom, when the Revolution broke out and the 
resistance to English oppression came, their descendants proved worthy 
scions of worthy parents and almost every inhabitant of this section was 
true to the cause of liberty and justice. 

Among other citizens living in this section of countrj^ at that time 
was a gentleman by the name of William Wallace, the son of John 
Wallace, a noted Philadelphia merchant of Scotch descent. Here in 
1778 he built the house we now occupy, and here daring those times 
that tried men's souls, Gen. Washington with his familj^ lived during 
the memorable winter of 1778-1779. 

The history of this house is as follows: On October 26th, 1693, 
the third quarter of what was known as the Graham tract in Somerset 
County was conveyed to Peter Van Neste. In May, 1709, he sold the 
same to Derrick Middagh. At the latter person's death a part of it 
was conveyed by his son Cornelius to George Middagh on January 4th, 

1734- 

George Middagh on the 17th of May, 1765, sold a part of it to 
the Rev. Jacob R. Hardenburgh, who, on December 7th, 1775, sold a 
portion of it to John Wallace. After his death his son William built a 
spacious mansion upon the land, the handsomest in that part of the 
country, and judging from its condition as we see it to-day, a residence 
that for those days would be termed almost palatial. 

After the death of William Wallace it was sold by Joshua M. 
Wallace, one of his executors, on November 4th, 1801, to Dickinson 
Miller. The property descended to Caleb, David and Andrew Miller, 
the sons of the last mentioned gentleman, who sold it to a Mr. 
Meehan. His widow, Jane Meehan, sold it to Albert P. Cooper, who 
in the earlj- part of this year of our I,ord 1897 conveyed it to Richard 



14 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

F. Stevens and James J. Bergen, trustees, who have since made it over 
to the Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey, in whose name 
it now stands. 

But history repeats itself and skeptics rise up and doubt its au- 
theuticity. 

There never yet was a historical fact but what at a later period 
some Thomas would spring up and deny what history had asserted for 
centuries. Shakespeare never existed, or if he did Bacon wrote his 
plays. Adam was but a tj'pe, and the Noahcian deluge a simple over- 
flow of the Euphrates over its banks. 

Although every inhabitant of Somerville has been from his infancy 
assured that Washington lived in this house, it is at this late day dis- 
covered that he did not do anything of the kind, that he dated all his 
letters from Middlebrook Camp, and that as Middlebrook was five or 
six miles off he must have lived there, and that because historians did 
not state in so many words that Washington lived in the Wallace 
House in 1778-1779 he therefore could not have done so; that the Wal- 
lace House was not built then, and even if it had been built, it was too 
far from his army for any experienced general and chief to establish 
his quarters. 

Let us look into this matter more closely and see if the people of 
Somerville have been living in ignorance for all these years and if the 
stories told them by their parents and grand-parents have been nothing 
but fiction to while away a pleasant hour. 

In the fall of 1778 Gen. Washington determined to quarter his 
army in the valley of the Raritan for the winter and on the 27th of 
November he wrote to the President of Congress as follows: 

' ' The Jersey Brigade will be at Elizabethtown to cover the lower 
part of Jersey, and the other seven (i.e. brigades), consisting of the 
Virginia, Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania troops, will be at 
Middlebrook. The park of artillery will be at Pluckamin and my own 
quarters will be in the Jerseys, in the neighborhood of Middlebrook." 

I wish particularly to call your attention to the words he uses as 
to his own residence: he says " in the neighborhood of Middlebrook." 

Well, this plan was carried out and his army was encamped there, 
but were his troops all in one spot and did his generals and principal offi- 
cers live in the camp in huts and tents? Not at all. The armj' was 
scattered throughout the entire valley. The main body, it is true, lay 
at Middlebrook, but the Jersey brigade were stationed at Elizabethtown, 
to watch the movements of the British from that quarter. Another 
detachment lay to the north, in the valley known as Washington's 



opening of the Wallace House at Sotnerville. 1 5 

Valley, between First and Second Mountains, to guard that means of 
approach. A division of troops were encamped on the Derrick Van 
Vechten farm, where Fiuderne now stands, as stated in the Gazette of 
December 6th, 1781, in an obituary notice of that gentleman. The 
Pennsylvania line lay along the banks of the Millstone, between Van 
Vechten's bridge and Somerset Court House, now Millstone. Letters 
from Gen. St. Clair to the President of Congress, dated " March 5th 
and March 6th, Camp at Millstone," and a letter of thanks to the same 
person from the Colonels of the ist, 3rd and 9th regiments, the Lieut. 
Colonels of the 3rd and 6th and the Majors of the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 
loth, dated "Millstone Camp," show that those regiments, or portions 
of them large enough to be commanded by their field olEcers, occupied 
this ground. 

The whole of the artillery, styled the grand park of artillery, 
under Gen. Knox, occupied the heights of Pluckamin, nine or ten 
miles from Middlebrook; while the general officers were scattered 
around the country, in the dwellings of the farmers and gentry of the 
neighborhood. Gen. Maxwell in Elizabethtown, Baron Steuben in the 
Staats house at Bound Brook, Lord Sterling and Light Horse Harry 
Lee in the Van Home mansion slightly west of Middlebrook, Gen. 
Greene at Van Vetchen's near what is now known as Fiuderne, Genls. 
Wayne and St. Clair on the Millstone, and Gen. Knox in the Vander- 
Veer mansion at Pluckamin; but because Washington dated all his 
letters Middlebrook Camp, or Headquarters Middlebrook, or Middle- 
brook, he must have lived in a hut there, or some house or other 
unknown at the present day. 

Francis V. Greene, in his life of Gen. Greene, page 123, says: 
" There was also a greater number of farm houses available for 
the ofiicers and Greene as well as the other generals had each a house 
to himself. The ladies again came to camp and Mrs. Washington, 
Mrs. Greene, Mrs. Knox, Lady Sterling and her daughter Lady Kitty, 
and others. There were the same amusements as at Valley Forge with 
which to pass the long winter evenings, but here there were rooms 
large enough to dance in and on one of these occa.sions in March, 
Greene writes: " We had a little dance at my quarters a few evenings 
past. His Excellency and Mrs. Greene danced three hours without 
once sitting down." 

Lossing, in his Field Book of the Revolution, page 332, says: 
"The headquarters of the Chief were in the vicinity of Middle- 
brook. I could not ascertain where Washington was quartered and as 
far as I could learn by enquiries there is only one house remaining in 



1 6 Revolutionary Memorial Society of Nczv Jersey. 

the neighborhood which was occupied by anj' of the general officers at 
that time and that is the dwelling of Mr. Staats, where Major-General 
Steuben had his quarters. From a remark by Dr. Thatcher in his 
Military Journal, page 156, I infer that Washington's quarters were at 
or near Pluckamin, a few miles from the camp." 

It is true that Washington never dated a letter, as far as we can 
learn, from the Wallace House, but did he always date his letters from 
where he actually resided ? 

He dated his letters Fishkill when his residence was several miles 
from that place. (See Spark's Life of Washington, page 138 of Vol. 
6.) In fact it was his custom to date his correspondence from his main 
camp, though frequently several miles from it. How absurd it would 
have been to have dated his letters one day Camp at Pluckamin; 
another. Camp at Millstone; another, Camp at Raritan; the next day 
Camp at Middlebrook, and so on. 

That others were not so particular as he, is shown by a letter of 
Gen. Benedict Arnold, visiting Gen. Washington on personal business, 
writing to his sweetheart, Miss Shippen of Philadelphia. He dated 
his letter Camp at Raritan, February 28th, 1779. 

Not being a member of the force under Washington's command at 
that place he was ignorant of its official designation and naturally dated 
his letter from the place he was actually in. 

But what say the historians ? 

First. In Ford's Writings of George Washington, Vol. 7, page 
443, is this letter to Gen. Maxwell: 

Headquarters, Middlebrook, 
6th May. 1779. 

' ' I enclose you answers to the questions which 3'ou will put into 
the hands of your spy. He may be instructed to say that he sent the 
questions to a friend of his near this camp, and received from him the 
answers. This occurs to me as the most eligible plan. However, you 
will judge yourself on the occasion. I think you had better have them 
copied in an indiflferent hand, presuming the bad spelling at the same 
time. I am, etc." 

The questions were six in number, of which the first was: " Where 
is Mr. Washington, and what number of men has he with him?" The 
answer to this question is thus given in Washington's letter, to be 
copied for the spy: 

"Can't tell the number exactly — some says eight thosand and 
very knowing hands ten thosand." 

"Gen. Washington keeps Headquarters at Mrs. Wallis's hous, 



opening of the Wallace Hotise at Somerville. 17 

four miles from Bandbrook." 

This letter is now among the archives deposited in the office of the 
Secretary of State, at Washington. 

Washington's personal quarters for six months were too well 
known to the enemj- for any spy to misrepresent them, and his life 
would have been little worth if he attempted to do so. 

I have a private letter from one of your well known citizens and 
writers, Mr. J. C. Honeyman, in which he says, speaking of the spy 
letter: 

" Such is the evidence recently come to light, and it is sufficient. 
I immediately communicated it to Mr. Lossing, who had not seen it, 
and he pronounced it satisfactory." 

The Rev. Mr. Hardenburgh, whose house lay a short distance 
from the Wallace House, in a letter to Gen. Washington, dated June 
1st, 1779, from the minister, elders and deacons of the Dutch Reformed 
Church at Raritan, writes as follows: 

" Your Ex-y's concern for the support of civil government in its 
just and equitable execution, has endeared you to our fellow citizens, 
and the strict discipline which the gentlemen officers under your 
Ex-cy's more immediate command at this place, have observed not 
only at headquarters, but also throughout the body of this army, we 
are persuaded has merited the approbation and applause of the good 
people of this neighborhood." (History of the Reformed Church of 
Readington, N. J., page 62.) Same work, page 64, the following 
statement: "At this time Gen. Washington's headquarters were in 
the house until recently owned by Caleb Miller, the first house west of 
Dr. Hardenburg's residence." 

Dr. Hardenburgh would certainly not have used this language if 
Washington and the officers under his immediate command were living 
five or six miles away. 

Thatcher in his Military Journal, page 190, says: " The anniver- 
sary of our alliance with France was celebrated in proper style a few 
days since near headquarters at Pluckamin." 

He also gives the guests at a dinner at which he was present at 
Washington's residence, enumerating among the guests at the table of 
his Excellency with his lady, two young ladies from Virginia, the gen- 
tlemen who composed his family and several other officers, and also 
states that Gen. Washington has long been in the habit of inviting a 
certain number of officers to dine at his table every day. These ex- 
tracts prove that Washington did not inhabit a small dwelling contain- 
ing two or three rooms, but that his quarters were large and commodious. 



1 8 Rcvolutio7iary Metnorial Society of New Jersey. 

James T. Snell in his History of Somerset County, page 686, states: 

" In the summer and fall of 1778 William Wallace built the man- 
sion in Somerville since known as the Miller house. Gen. Washington 
and wife spent here the winter of 1778-1779, rooms being fitted up 
expres.sly for their use. At this house Washington and his generals 
planned the campaign so successfully carried out by Gen. Sullivan in 
1779. The house is still standing and in good repair." And again on 
page 686. " His (Washington's) headquarters were still in the Wallace 
Mansion. The army was encamped all along the Raritan. the head- 
quarters of Gen. Greene being at Derrick Van Vechten's house, near 
what is now Finderne Station." 

Dr. Abraham Messier, in his Centennial History of Somerset 
County, on page 96, states: " Washington took up his quarters at the 
house of William Wallace of Somerville, and here Mrs. Washington 
came and joined him and they passed the winter." And on page 1 14: 
"In the winter of 1778-1779, while Washington had his quarters in 
Caleb Miller's house. Dr. Hardenburgh was residing next door in the 
parsonage," and on page 136: "The Miller house in Somerville built 
by William Wallace, and inhabited by Gen. and Mrs. Washington in 
the winter of 1778- 1779, and kept in exactly the .^tate in which it was 
then, is a proud historical monument. How many fond memories 
cluster around it; and what a pity, that the large old white oak tree 
under which Mrs. Washington so often sat in the spring of 1779, was 
sacrificed to the woodman's axe." 

In the story of "An Old Farm," by Andrew Mellick, on page 455 
he says: " The Commander in Chief not being able to find a building 
in the vicinity of Bound Brook or, Middlebrook ample enough for his 
purposes, established his headquarters at the Wallace House, then 
barely completed and now owned by Mrs. Jane Mehan, and although 
at that time Bound Brook was an ancient village, it was nearly thirty 
years later before Somerville had an existence." 

The Rev. T. E. Davis, who is with us to-day, the respected histo- 
rian of the Washington Camp Ground Association, in his pamphlet 
entitled. " The Battle of Bound Brook." on page 15 says: " Washing- 
ton's headquarters during this encampment was at the Wallis House, 
Somerville," and in a foot note on the same page: " This house is still 
standing near where the Raritan and Somerville road crosses the New 
Jersey Central railroad track. It was built by William Wallace in 
1778 and was not entirely finished when Washington occupied it. This 
is the original spelling of the name; it is now known as Wal-Lace." 

The above testimony of historians and others ought to convince 



opening of the Wallace House at Somcrville. 19 

the mi)st skeptical. It is certainly so concise and clear that any fair 
minded person would be convinced beyond the shadow of a doubt — but 
to pile up Mount Pelion on Ossa, I will ask Mr. James J. Bergen to 
read you a few affidavits of some of your most respected citizens as to 
what eye-witnesses of the time told them. You must remember that 
many veterans and persons that were grown up, during Revolutionarj^ 
times, were alive between 1840 and 1S50, and many of your citizens 
now living were grown up to man and womanhood at that time. Hear 
what they say and if there be a single solitary individual in the full 
possession of his senses who still maintains that Washington did not 
live in the Wallace House, but in the clouds or some castle in Spain, 
or elsewhere, all I have to say, I have no use for that benighted 
individual. 



At the conclusion of the President's address Mr. Bergen read the 

following affidavits: 

State of New Jersey, "| . 
County of Somerset, j ' ' 

Elizabeth B. Vredenbdrgh, being duly sworn on her oath, saith, that she 
was born in the year eighteen hundred and thirteen, her maiden name being Elii- 
abeth Beektuau ; that she now resides, and has most of her life, resided on the 
old Beekman homestead, on the banks of the Raritan river, about four miles west 
of Somerville ; that her father's name was Benjamin Beekman ; he was born 
October twenty-sixth, seventeen hundred and sixty-six, and died in the year 
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight ; he was born and lived on the old Beekman 
property aforesaid ; my mother was born in seventeen hundred and seventy, and 
died in eighteen hundred and fifty-eight ; I have often been told by my father 
and my mother that the Wallace house in Somerville was occupied by General 
Washington as his headquarters in seventeen hundred and seventy-eight and sev- 
enteen hundred and seventy-nine, and that they knew this of their own knowl- 
edge ; they also knew and often spoke of old Mr. Wallace, who owned the house, 
and that Lady Washington lived in that house at the time her husband was there ; 
my mother also told me that when she was a child she attended church, and often 
saw Lady Washington there, and sat beside her on the benches which were then 
used for seats, and also that one day, when the church was full, that Lady Wash- 
ington beckoned to her to go and sit on the pulpit steps, which she did. 

Deponent further saith, that she has known a number of men and women, 
now dead, who told her that they knew that Washington had his headquarters in 
the Wallace house, and that his wife was there with him ; ray children also 
remember my mother telling them these same things. 

Elizabeth B. Vredenbdrgh. 
Sworn and subscribed before me, this | 
twelfth day of June, A.D. 1S97. ( 

J. J. Bergen, 

Master in Chancery of New Jersey . 



20 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

State of New Jersey, \ 
SoiMHRSHT County, f'^'^' 

I, John Vanmiddi,esworth, of Somerville, in the county and State afore- 
said, being duly sworn on my oath, do depose and say, that I was born on the 
eleventh day of January. 1819, eighteen hundred and nineteen, on the Bergen 
Buruistou farm, along the road known as Beekraan's lane ; my father's name was 
Andrew VanMiddlesworth, and he was born, as he informed me, on the farm 
where my grandfather, John VanMiddlesworth lived, a short distance west of the 
homestead farm of Peter B. Dumont, recently owned and occupied by the late 
Secretary Frelinghuysen, along the south bank of the Raritan river. 

My grandfather, John VanMiddlesworth, was born in 1757, seventeen hun- 
dred and fifty-seven, and died in eighteen hundred and forty-seven ; he was buried 
along the banks of the Raritan river, on the old Governor Vroom farm ; I was 
present at the funeral, being then twenty -eight years of age ; during his life-time 
I often visited my grandfather, VanMiddlesworth ; he was then living with his 
sou Henry, on the farm now occupied by John H. Perlee, on the hill just north of 
the present village of Raritan, in the old house used by John H. Perlee, before he 
built his present dwelling, and at these visits he told me frequently about his 
experiences as a soldier in the Continental Army ; that he was stationed for a 
time at Paulus Hook, and told me many instances of his army life, and of the 
duties he had to perform as a soldier ; he also told me, on many occasions, that 
he knew that General George Washington occupied the Caleb Miller house, 
known as the Wallace house, as his headquarters when the army was stationed in 
this neighborhood ; my grandfather was very fond of telling his children and 
grandchildren about the Revolutionary war, and spoke of Washington having 
had his headquarters at the Caleb Miller house often, and from my earliest recol- 
lection until his death he always spoke of the Miller house as Washington's head- 
quarters. 

Deponent further saith that he has known and talked with most of the resi- 
dents of Soniervjlle, iu years past, having lived in Somerville sixty-three years, 
and has always been told by the old residents that Washington had his head- 
quarters at the Miller house. 

John VanMiddlesworth. 
Sworn and subscribed before me, 1 
June 9, 1897. j 

J.J. Bergen, 

Master in Chancery of Neiv Jersey. 

State of New Jersey, \ 
CoiiNTY OF Somerset, ( '^'^ ' 

James W. Rockafellow, of full age, being duly sworn on his oath, saith 
that he is now eighty-four years of age, and has lived all his life in and about 
Somerville, New Jersey ; that his father's name was Christopher Rockafellow, 
and that he was born on the twenty-fifth day of July, seventeen hundred and 
ninety, and died ou the third day of September, eighteen hundred and seventy- 
one. 

Deponent further saith, that when he was a small boy, his father pointed out 
to him the Caleb Miller house, in the west end of Somerville, and told him that 
that was Washington's headquarters, being the place that Washington occupied 
while the Revolutionary army was encamped in this neighborhood, and that that 



opening of the Wallace House at Somerville. 2 1 

was the bouse where Washington's officers gathered during the war ; I have 
known all the old residents of Somerville, and among them men who were living 
during the Revolutionary war, and they all said that that was the place where 
Washington had his headquarters during the war ; it was common report and tra- 
dition among the people here, and to my knowledge has never been questioned. 

James W. Rockafellow. 
Sworn and subscribed before me, this ninth \ 
day of June, eighteen hundred and ninety- > 
seven. j 

J. J. Bergen, 

Mailer in Chancery of New Jersey. 



New Jersey, Somerset County. 

Cornelia Beekman Vredenburgh, being sworn, saith that she is the 
granddaughter of Cornelia Beekman, and the daughter of Elizabeth Vreden- 
burgh ; that her grandmother was born in 1770, and lived until the year 1S58. 

Deponent further saith, that she had the care, in a great part, of her grand' 
mother during the latter part of her life ; my grandmother told me, in general 
conversation, that she knew that General Washington had his headquarters at the 
Caleb Miller house during the Revolutionary war, and always, in speaking of the 
Miller house, called it Washington's headquarters ; I have heard her tell about 
her attending church, and sitting on the same seat with Lady Washington, the 
wife of the General, and that on one occasion, when the seats were all taken in 
the church, Lady Washington pointed out the steps of the pulpit, and beckoned 
her to go and sit there. 

C. B. Vredenburgh. 
Sworn and subscribed before me, 1 
June 12, 1S97. / 

J. J. Bergen, 

Master in Chancery of New Jersey. 



^ 



22 Revohitionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

After reading the foregoing affidavits Mr. Bergen spoke as 
follows: 

In considering the effect to be given to these affidavits the stand- 
ing of the persons making them in this community ought to be con- 
sidered. Mrs. Elizabeth B. Vredenburgh, whose maiden name was 
Beekman, has all her life resided in this community, her character and 
standing above reproach, beloved and esteemed by all who know her 
for her many sterling qualities, and her oath to any statement she 
might make would be entirely unnecessary to the people of this com- 
munity. Her father and mother were both living at the time General 
Washington occupied this house. From them she learned in her early 
youth and middle life that they of their own knowledge knew that this 
house was occupied during the winter of 1778 and 1779 by General 
Washington as his headquarters. They spoke of the fact as wilhiu 
their knowledge, and to doubt the truth of this statement imputes to 
her father and mother an intentional deceiving and misleading of their 
children, and at the time these statements were made many persons 
were then living in this community who would have been quick to 
denounce as untrue such a statement, if the facts did not warrant it 

John Van Middlesworth, another witness, an old and respected 
resident of this community, whose grandfather was a soldier in the 
Continental army, and who lived until his grandson was a grown man, 
corroborates the statement of Mrs. Vredenburgh. From his grand- 
father Mr. Van Middlesworth often had the story that during the 
winter aforesaid this house was used by General Washington as his 
headquarters. No reason can be given v.'hy these old and respected 
citizens should willfully falsify and misrepresent the fact to their chil- 
dren and grandchildren. They were living at the time, and spoke of a 
matter within their knowledge. If they told the truth, and there is 
no reason to doubt it, the fact that Washington occupied this house is 
as firmly established as it is possible to verify by human testimony 
facts nearly one hundred and twenty years since their occurrence. This 
tradition has been current in this community since the event occurred, 
and within a few years pa.st persons were living who knew the truth or 
falsity of the story, and would have made haste to deny if untrue. 

Mr. Caleb Miller, whose father bought the property from Mr. 
Wallace, has told me often that Washington used this house as his 
headquarters during that winter, and pointed out to me the room in 
which he slept, and a Mrs. Doty, an old lady, told him that she was 
living and at the house while Washington was there; that it was his 
habit to walk along the edge of that ravine acro.ss the road in front of 



opening of the Wallace House at Somerville. 23 

the house and spend many hours under an old tree that stood just 
beyond the roadside; that in stormy weather she had seen him walk- 
ing up and down the hall repeatedly. 

Mr. Paul Dilts within a few days told me that his grandfather was a 
soldier in the Continental army, and years ago took him to this house 
and pointed it out to him as the place that Washington had used as his 
headquarters. 

All these facts and circumstances show that to the knowledge of 
these people Washington occupied this house, and their testimony is 
corroborated by the collateral facts. 

The British had two ways of coming to this neighborhood from 
New Brunswick. One was by the road on the easterly side of the 
Raritan river to Bound Brook ; the other was by waj' of Millstone, 
then called Somerset Court House. The road to Millstone left what 
was formerly called the Old York road, near the Finderne bridge cross- 
ing of the Raritan river, and led southerly along the Millstone river to 
Somerset Court House. Washington had placed his army, so that one 
division lay along the Mill.stone readjust south of the river, to guard 
that avenue of approach, and north of the river the line of the army 
stretched from the Finderne crossing northerly along the edge of the 
hill now occupied by the Finderne hotel, and swung around easterly to 
the heights back of Bound Brook. A large portion of the army was 
encamped on the Finderne hill, about two miles east of Somerville. 
Near this point, and inside the lines was an old building, which stood 
until recent years, which was called the court-martial house, and it 
was in this house that Washington attended the prayer-meeting, 
referred to in a letter by Dumont Frelinghuysen. In an old house, 
now standing, a short distance west of the Finderne crossing. General 
Greene had his headquarters. That property then belonged to Derrick 
VanVechten. 

The headquarters of most of the general officers have been located, 
and if Washington was not here, he must have spent the Winter in a 
tent, which is hardly to be believed, while his subordinate officers were 
occupying comfortable quarters ; nor would he have brought Mrs. 
Washington and the ladies who accompanied her to spend the Winter 
in a tent, leaving this commodious house unoccupied. And I would 
respectfully suggest that, before all this tradition and testimony is over- 
come, that the persons seeking to do it should point out to us where he 
did spend the Winter. Whatever the motive may be for this recent 
attempt to overcome the beliefs and traditions of a century, that 
attempt will have but slight influence in unsettling the truths which 
our fathers and grandfathers have taught us. 



24 Revobitionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Peter Davis lived near the court-martial house, and bet\\een it and 
this, the Wallace house, and I will close these remarks by reading the 
following letter, written by Dumont Frelinghuysen to Mr. Fred Voor- 
hees, in response to a request to give his recollection, of what Cath- 
arine Davis had told him, regarding her father's knowledge of Wash- 
ington's presence here. Peter Davis knew that the place was called 
Washington's headquarters, and he never denied it. 

SOMERVII.I.E, June 8, 1897. 
J. V. VooRHEES, Esq. 

Dear Sir: In conversation with Catherine Davis, who was a daughter of 
Peter Davis, living two miles east of Somerville, she said her father went down 
to the court-martial house near his dwelling, on a Sundaj' afternoon to prayer 
meeting, and that General Washington came in and took the psalm book and 
gave out the hymns, he sitting directly behind him. He gave out the 407th hymn, 
commencing — 

" Soldiers of the Cross arise 
And put your armor on." 

Dumont Frelisghuysen. 

The national anthem, "America," was then sung, followed by 
the following address by the Rev. George S. Mott on " The formation 
the Stars and Stripes: 

"There," said Charles Sumner, pointing to the national flag 
"there is a piece of bunting lifted into the air, but it .speaks sublimely, 
and every part has a voice." And that bunting is speaking to-day, 
and it has a voice for us. It speaks as do all emblems, in the sign 
language. To interpret its signs will be my endeavor, and to listen to 
its voice, I hope, will not be weariness to you. 

The Stars and Stripes are a growth. They represent the develop- 
ment and maturity of certain principles which were formed in brave 
hearts as they wrestled with new ideas. And before those doctrines 
became an ensign to the nations they passed through the ordeal of 
battle. That bunting is embroidered with tears and blood. 

Nations and even tribes early were compelled to set up some 
symbol by which they could be known. When the children of Israel 
were arranging into divisions and sections for their march into Canaan 
the order of Moses was: "Every man of the children of Israel shall 
pitch by his own standard, and with the ensign of their father's 
house." Num. 2 : 2. And the Psalmi,st wrote: "In the name of our 
God we will set up our banners." 

The red cross of St. George was hoisted over the Mayflower in 
1620. This was a large cross on a white ground. But even at that 



Opating of the Wallace House at Somerville. 25 

earl}- day the protest that emerges from sturdy independent thought 
was moving. The reUgious scruples of the old Puritan were offended. 
Such a display of the cross savored to him of idolatry. And at 
Salem, where afterward witchcraft danced, part of that cross on the 
royal flag was cut out. The cutter was brought to account, and con- 
siderable bitter feeling was generated. Soon the question ascended 
the pulpit. And finally the querj^ was propounded to an assembly of 
divines whether to carrj' a cross on banners was idolatrous. Opinion 
was divided, as is often the case in conventions, religious or otherwise. 
And then the contention got among the people, and religion entered 
politics. This controversy continued two years, and was settled, as 
generally such disputes are, in a compromise. It was agreed that the 
king's colors with the red cross should float over the fort at Castle 
Island in Boston harbor, but not elsewhere. And the prejudice to 
that crossed flag existed for fifty years. This flag continued in use 
until 1707, when the Union flag of James I. was appointed by Parlia- 
ment for use throughout the British dominions. 

The early documents of Manhattan Island have mention of sev- 
eral flags. One from Holland made its appearance in 1650, but the 
redoubtable Stuyvesant would not allow it to be carried. So we see 
that our soil did not take kindly to the foreign flagstaff. But only a 
few years was the knickerbocker permitted to smoke his pipe under 
the colors of tlie Prince of Orange; for in 1664 the red cross of St. 
George waved in triumph over the Dutchmen's farms, the seed plots of 
future sky-scrapers. 

While the colonists acknowledged the King's authority in the flag 
which had on it the cross of St. George in 1686 and in the flag of Par- 
lament, which had the united crosses of St. George and St. Andrew 
in 1707, there was manifested a feeling of independence, in that^ 
devices of their own were added to the flag. These were sometimes a 
pine tree and sometimes a hemisphere. A green tree was a favorite 
emblem of Massachusetts as early as 1652. In this divergence was 
exhibited their loyalty to the King, but with rights for them.selves. 

In 1643 the colonies of Plymouth, Mass., and Connecticut united 
in a league, called the United Colonies of New England. Their 
original object was defense against the French, Dutch and Swedes. 
This course so pleased the King that he gave them a common flag in 
16S6, which was the King's standard. Such a league led the way to 
concerted action on important measures. This went so far that the 
league adopted a flag, which was called the New England flag. This 



26 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

consisted of St. George's cross placed in the upper corner near to the 
staff, with a sphere on the first corner, in allusion to the New World. 

This League was gradually superseded b}- the organization of the 
" .Sons of Liberty," which about 1768 established clubs in many of the 
towns of the colonies — these wise, ardent patriots, who associated to- 
gether for the purpose of opposing the Stamp Act. To give their 
movement an outward signiiicance, they generally held their rendez- 
vous imder a tree, and thus originated the Liberty Tree ; or sometimes, 
where a tree was not suitable, a pole was raised. A ceremony or dedi- 
cation was generally associated with its appointment. The patriots 
encircled the tree, laid their hands upon it, and solemnly de- 
clared : ' ' We do, in the name, and in behalf of all the true Sons of 
Liberty, wherever they are dispersed throughout the world, dedicate 
and solemnly devote this tree to be a tree of liberty. Under its ven- 
erable branches may her councils be guided by wisdom for the support 
of that liberty which our renowned forefathers sought out and found 
under trees and in the wilderness." These trees and poles became the 
flagstaffs of freedom's baanc-rs. The devices which appeared were 
somewhat varied, but they were a united expression of the spirit of 
liberty, which was rising everywhere. In the mottoes, we can trace 
the growing clearness of convictions, and the convergence toward 
resistance. One banner was a blue field, with crescent in upper left- 
hand corner. Opposite it was, ''Appeal to Heaven ; " and at the 
bottom of the flag was the word " Liberty." Another device was the 
cross of St. George in the upper left-hand corner. This was the king's 
standard given to the League in 1686, but now the Sons of Liberty 
added the words "Liberty and Union." They are recognizing the 
importance of unity of action. Another flag contained seven red hori- 
zontal bars, and six white ; and a serpent stretched diagonally across 
the bars, with the motto, " Don't tread on me." Here the spirit of 
resistance is manifested. As we approach the opening of the struggle, 
this emblem of the snake, "Don't tread on me," appears on almost 
every banner, and generally associated with it is "Appeal to Heaven." 

Such were the flags, which gave increased meaning to the liberty 
tree. And no wonder that they were hated by the partisans of the 
crown. In a field on Manhattan Island, a pole was erected, from which 
a splendid flag floated. On it was inscribed, "The King, Pitt and 
Liberty." This was to repress the joy over the repeal of the Stamp 
Act. In a few weeks the soldiers cut it down. The next day the 
Sons of Liberty put up another. The lower part of the pole was 
sheathed with iron bands. It stood for three years, although the sol- 



opening of the Wallace House at Sotnerville. 2 ~ 

diers tried several times to destroy it. Finally in January, 1770, they 
succeeded. The Sons of Liberty now bought a strip of land, and 
erected a pole, from which floated a banner with the inscription, " Lib- 
erty and Property." Here was the claim that no minions of tyranny 
should molest their property. And this became a common motto on 
these liberty trees. 

In April, 1776, the Council of Massachusetts passed several reso- 
lutions for the regulation of the merchant service at sea. Among them 
was this, that the colors should be a white flag, with a green pine 
tree in the middle, and on the opposite side the motto, "Appeal to 
Heaven." In January preceding, a provincial cruiser was captured by 
the English, bearing the same flag. The rattlesnake was a favorite 
device, often with thirteen rattles, and the motto, 'Don't tread on 
me. " It is said that such a flag was carried at the battles of Trenton 
and Princeton. It is a disputed point, or more strictly a point too 
obscure to be discussed, what colors rallied the yeoman at Lexington 
and Concord. Probably those patriots were distinguished from the 
British soldiers by their country garb. The standard at Bunker Hill 
would most naturally be the flag of New England. 

A flag, called the Union flag, had been familiar for sevent}' years. 
This contained the crosses combined of St. George and St. Andrew, 
and represented the union between Scotland and England. This was 
the English union. On January i, 1775, the new Continental Army 
was organized, and on that day the Union flag of the Colonies was 
unfurled in the camp at Cambridge. It must be remembered that not 
as yet had the Colonies declared their independence of Great Britain. 
They avowed loyalty to the King, and believed that British justice 
would grant their rights, because sentiment among English statesmen, 
and especially in the House of Commons, was nearly equally divided 
respecting the rightfulness of their claims. However, the British flag 
was not discarded. The last tie that bound them to the mother coun- 
tr}^ was not yet severed ; therefore, the combined crosses of St. George 
and St. Andrew were retained, and had a place in the upper left-hand 
corner next the staff. But on the field of the flag were thirteen stripes 
of alternate red and white. Whether these stripes were red and white, 
or blue and white, or red, blue and white alternately, is in doubt. 
This device was the order of Congress. This was called the " Grand 
Union Flag. ' ' It represented the United British colonies. This is also 
distinguished as the Continental flag. 

It must be borne in mind that not until a year and a half later, 
June 14th, 1777, did Congress substitute the thirteen stars for the 
British union in the corner of the flag. The resolution reads: 



28 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

''Resolved, That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen 
stripes alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars in a 
blue field, representing a new constellation." 

These emblems were probably suggested from several sources. 
The thirteen stripes, as representing the thirteen united colonies, may 
have come from the naval flag of the Dutch Republic, which consisted 
of alternate stripes of white and red, seven in number, in token of a 
federal republic. For the seven provinces of Holland showed a marked 
S3'mpathy with the American colonies. Washington's coat of arms 
was composed of two horizontal stripes, over which were three stars, 
and on the top an eagle. The idea of the stars may have come from 
this. 

The inquiry has been propounded whj' the stars on our flag have 
five points, but those on our coins have six. The explanation is that 
the designer of our early coins followed the English custom in her- 
aldry, and the maker of the flag took the form of the European star. 

Vermont was received into the Union March 4th, 1791, and Ken- 
tucky June ist, 1792. The question arose. Should these States be 
recognized on the flag? In Januar5\ 1794, the Senate passed a resolu- 
tion that two stars and two stripes should be added to those on the 
flag. When this came to the House it gave rise to heated debate. 
Some insisted that the flag should remain as it then was. Others con- 
tended that the new States would be oSended if they were not recog- 
nized on the flag. And the bonds of the Union were not strong 
enough at that time to disregard the feelings of two States. And so 
the act of the Senate was approved the 13th of January, 1794. 

This is the flag of fifteen stars and fifteen stripes. And it con- 
tinued to be the ensign of the Republic for twenty-four years, until 
1818. During the quarter of a century it won many a laurel. It was 
that flag which sailed over stormy seas to introduce the new nation to 
the peoples in all parts of the globe. Floating at masthead on our 
merchant marine, it became the symbol of the intrepid sailor and 
enterprising trader. It amazed the governments of Europe at the 
boldness with which it bearded the defiant Algerine pirates. It 
wrestled in battle with the arrogant mother country, fired by all the 
bravery which its predecessor had shown. It was the flag at Fort 
McHenry and at New Orleans. And during its last days it gathered 
imperishable glories of its own in the famous naval victories on the 
ocean and on the lakes. 

The admission of four States more by the year 18 16 brought up 
again the question what changes should be made in the stars and 



opening of the Wallace House at Sonierville. 29 

stripes. For fourteen months the matter was off and on before Con- 
gress, but on the 4th of April, 1818, it was enacted to reduce the 
■stripes to thirteen, and thus represent the number of original States, 
and that as each new State was admitted to the Union another star 
should be added to the constellation. 

But the stars and stripes, though thus formed, have not remained 
fixed. We are ever kept in mind of our noble beginning by the same 
thirteen stripes; but our hearts glow with ardor as we note that one 
and another State emerges from the wilderness, or comes down from 
the cliffs, to take its place in the sisterhood of States, and each is well 
beloved and cherished. 

I have thus presented the formation of the Stars and Stripes. To 
sketch its illustrious course would be to trace the history of the United 
States, with which we are familiar. The problem furnished by the flag 
is " associated liberty." These two principles have struggled since the 
union of the States was consummated. States' rights and the power 
of the Government were arrayed in constant contention until the bloody 
ordeal of the Civil War decided the mutual rights. 

But we are not 3'et done wtth the problem of " associated liberty." 
It is a question that presses upon our consideration, and at times with 
no little acrimony. On this ground, capital and labor contend. What 
are the rights of the individual, and what just claims associated capital 
possesses are problems, the settlement of which confront us at the 
opening of the Nineteenth century. And no land furnish us so fair a 
field for the adjudication of the question as do these United States. 
For here no king craft can control. Capital and labor must decide the 
matter for all nations on this free soil, where each can array its forces. 
and argue and determine where are the limitations of justice. 

"Associated liberty" also becomes a struggle in our legislative 
halls. More and more laws are multiplied, and less and less the indi- 
vidual has scope. It is high time we began to consider whether the 
individual must be met at every point by a prohibition or a statute. 
We are approaching a tyranny of limitations. The individual con- 
science should be strengthened by imposing the responsibility, the 
honor and the sense of justice which arise from the liberty of the indi- 
vidual. We claim a scope for liberty, but that liberty must live more 
with constant regard to the demands which are imperative for the exist- 
ence and welfare of association. Because association is as indespensa- 
ble for the individual as is his personal liberty. 

The Rev. Dr. L,yman Whitney Allen then read the following 
poem on the battle of Bunker Hill and the American flag: 



30 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 



Rev. Dr. Lyman Whitney Allen's Poem. 



I. 

The clover-musk of the meadows strewn; 

The heart of fervent earth athrill; 
A banner blue to the sky of June; 

And noon upon Bunker Hill. 

Noon after a weary night and morn 
Of care and labor, of fear and hope ; 

But freemen defied Oppression's scorn, 
And trusted their horoscope 

Beheld through the misty lens of praj'er, — 
White planets risen from seas of blood. 

And over horizons far and fair 
The star of a future good. 

II. 

A swirl of fire under Boston's skies ; 

And myriad forms, with eyes astrain, 
From roofs and towers toward near emprise 

Gazed hard through the hurricane. 

Above, on the Shawmut's flowered crests. 
Tramped hurraing feet with terror shod ; 

And vows, uncaged from colonial breasts, 
Soared sheer to the ear of God. 

Beneath, from Charlestown to Charlestown Neck, 
From ashen village, by vandals spent. 

To isthmian margent spread smoke of wreck 
And smoldering ravishment. 

III. 

Hot clouds of war o'er the Mystic's sheen ; 

Imperial thunder from floating keel ; 
A climbing of scarlet up slopes of green ; 

A flashing of serried steel ; 

An ominous hush on the gloried height ; 

A nervy hand to a hot desire ; 
A sudden fury of patriot might ; 

A burst of immortal fire. 



opening of the Wallace House at Somerville. 31 

The red host staggered through blood and dust, 

Platoous lay dead 'neath the murky sun ; 
Back surged the tide of a tjTaut's lust 

And England's pride undone. 

IV. 

Repulse, dismay, then a deepening shame ; 

A rally, a turning with snarling breath ; 
'Neath wind-shook vapors from Charlestown's flame 

And over the swath of deatli. 

An upward labor through shrouding mist ; — 

lu vain! for a guardian Power unseen 
Breathed 'thwart the shadows and seaward kissed 

The smoke of the hostile screen ; 

And royal battalions stood bare to fall 

Before fierce tempests of yeoman guns, — 
A second fury of fire and ball ; 

And monarchy's myrmidons 

Plunged panting shoreward in ravaged ranks 

O'er crimsoned grass, till their wanton feet 
Recoiled on the marge of the Mystic's banks, — 

Forced bounds to their forced retreat. 



A turbulent respite ; more men ; new cheer ; 

To life or death in one final strain ; — 
For plunder that king-craft coimted dear, — 

The British, with sweat and pain, 

Impetuous clomb o'er wounded and dead, 
With vengeance fierce, toward the parapet ; 

And at the top, where the muskets fed 
On pluck, not powder, met 

The miracle-tide of a holy thought 
Ancestral in soul and sinew, — learned 

The measure of men who for conscience fought, 
The heat of a fire that burned 

With justice for fuel, with love for light. 
And freedom aflame at Faith's finger-tips ; 

So kindles the people's millioned might. 
The right o'er the \\Tong's eclipse. 

VI. 



But fast outnumbered the gallant few — 
One grappling three— broke line at last 

And battling backward and deathward through 
Defeat and the sunset passed. 



32 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Nay, — rather attest the after years, — 

To triumph and sunrise they fighting went ; 

And angered to wondering hemispheres 
Their venture's accomph'shment. 

The spirit ever has worsted brawn, 

And right is stronger than bayonets ; 
So out of the night comes Freedom's dawn, — 

The splendor that never sets. 

VII. 

Stand sacred granite reared toward the sun 

On hallowed dust! a hero slain 
Lives on in a myriad heroes won 

And right's perpetual gain. 

I'ncarven obelisk! memory's steel 

Graves deep each day in each golden year 
Both name and fame which the commonweal 

Forever shall hold most dear. 

Each patriot deed that is done on earth 

Becomes a planet in freedom's sky, — 
The natal star of a freeman's birth, 

A Heaven-bestowed ally. 

Bright ushering of the morn to be. 

Immortal promise events fulfill. 
The pledge of American liberty, 

The Battle of Bunker Hill. 

The reading of the poem was followed by the singing of "The 
Red, White and Blue." 



[Note by the President.] 

Since the meeting of June 17, the fact of Washington's residence at the Wal- 
lace house in 177S-1779 has been established beyond all doubt and cavil, as the 
following letter from the Hon. J. J. Bergen clearly demonstrates : 

" SOUERVILLE, N. J., October 6, 1S97. 
" Gen. Richard F. Stevens, Newark, N.J. 

" My Dear Geueral : At a meeting of the Revolutionary Memorial Society, 
in June last, General Stockton raised some question as to the authenticity of our 
claim that Geueral Washington occupied the Wallace house at Somerville as his 
headquarters during the Winter of 177S-1779. At the same time he suggested 
that we should all exert ourselves to provide such proof as we might be able to 
discover sustaining our claim. Acting on that suggestion, I have devoted since 



opening of the Wallace House at Somerville. 33 

then considerable time to the subject, and was gratified to find on Saturday last 
October 2, iu the library of the New York Historical Society, what I deem to be 
couvincing proof. In the issue of the Royal Gazette, a newspaper published in 
New York, under date of December 19, 1778, I find the following : 

"New York, December ig. — By late accounts from New Jersey, we are in- 
formed that General Washington's headquarters were at Mrs. Wallace's, about 
twelve miles from New Brunswick ; the Earl of Sterlings, at Convivial Hill, a 
seat of the jocund Philip VanHorue, Esq., about seven miles from New Bruns- 
wick ; Major General Green's, at VauVechter's, on Raritan river ; Brigadier Gen- 
eral Knox's, with the artillery at Colonel McDonald's, at Pluckemiu, about eight- 
een miles from Brunswick. With these four general officers, there are about 
seven and twenty hnudred rebels. Brigadier General Maxwell commands at 
Elizabeth Town, with his brigade, consisting of Soo militia, cantoned between 
Elizabeth Town and Newark. Colonel Stephen Moylan is marched, it is said, to 
Lancaster, iu Pennsylvania. A Southern brigade, commanded by a Colonel Wood- 
ruff, lately consisting of nine hundred rank and file, we are informed are now 
reduced by desertion to 500." 

The above is a true copy of all that part of the article which refers to the 
subject under consideration, and it ought to satisfy the most captious. That the 
Earl of Sterling was at Philip VanHorue's, Major-General Greene at VanVech- 
ter's and General Knox at Pluckemin is well established by the history of the 
period, and there is no reason why we should doubt the tnuh of the other state- 
ment that Washington was at Mrs. Wallace's. 

In the famous "Spy Letter," General Washington states that he has his 
headquarters at Mrs. Wallis's, purposely spelling the word incorrectly. The 
argument heretofore advanced that this statement of General Washington, being 
for the purpose of deceiving the British commander, was likely to be false, is 
overcome by the fact now apparent that the British commander, and all persons 
who read the newspapers ©f that day were well aware that General Washington 
had his headquarters at Mrs. Wallace's, and it would be absurd for General Wash- 
ington to undertake to deceive the British officials regarding a fact of which they 
had knowledge iu December, 177S, when the spy letter was not v.-ritten until May, 
1779. 

It is more likely to be a fact that General Washington was, iu the spy letter, 
stating the truth as to the matters of which the British commander had knowl- 
edge, and was only undertaking to deceive him as to the condition of public sen- 
timent, reference to which makes up the larger portion of that letter. 

This publication in the Royal Gazette corroborates the affidavits which have 
been furuished, and justifies the truth of the tradition so long held in Somerset 
county — that Washington did occupy the Wallace house at the time claimed— nor 
can it be said with justice that he was there temporarily, for the article in the 
Royal Gazette says that he had his headquarters there in December, 1778, and the 
spy letter states that he is still there in May, 1779. 
Yours, very truly, 

J. J. Bergen, 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEETING 

HELD AT 

HEADQUARTERS, WALLACE HOUSE, 

SONIERVILLE, N. J., 

ON 

Tuesday, October 19, 1897, 

THE 

ANNIVERSARY OF THE SURRENDER AT YORKTOWN. 



The anniversary of the surrender of Lord Comwallis at Yorktown 
was celebrated with appropriate ceremonies by the Revolutionary Me- 
morial Society of New Jersey, at the Wallace House, Somerville, N. J., 
on Tuesday, October 19, 1897. 

General Richard F. Stevens, President of the Society, presided and 
opened the proceedings with the following address : 

Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Members of the Revolution- 
ary Memorial Society of New Jersey : 
It is with great pleasure that I welcome you once more to our 
Headquarters, one of the homes of Washington during the Revolution. 
I hope that this will be but one of many re-unions at which we can 
meet together and talk over the deeds of our patriotic sires. It had 
been my intention to devote the short time at my disposal to the present 
and future of the Society, rather than to its past history, but on account 
of recent developments I am sure you will pardon me if I say a few 
words on the former subject. At our last celebration the authenticity 
of the Wallace House as a former home of Washington was thoroughly 



36 Rcvohilioiia^y Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

proved by liistory and by affidavits of individuals who received their 
information direct and at first hand from persons living here in Wash- 
ington's time. Unfortunately outside of the Spy letter we were unable 
to find any contemporaneous writing establishing this fact. Since that 
meeting, however, through the untiriag energy of our fellow-member, 
the Hon. James J. Bergen, this latter want is supplied. During the 
Revolutionary War while New York was in the possession of the British 
troops, James Rivington, a well-known loyalist writer and publisher, 
edited a paper called the Roj^alist Gazette, published in New York. In 
the issue of December 19, 1778, appears the following item of news : 

" New York, December 19, 1778. By late accounts from New 
Jersey wji are informed that Gen. Washington's Headquar- 
ters WERE at Mrs. Wallace's, about 12 miles from Bruns- 
wick. The Earl of Sterling's, at Convivial Hill, a seat of the jocund 
Philip Van Home, Esq., about 7 miles from Brunswick. Major-Gen- 
eral Greene's at Van Vechter's, on Raritan river. Brigadier-General 
Knox's with the artillery at Col. McDonald's at Pluckemin, about 18 
miles from Brunswick. With these four general ofEcers there are about 
seven and twenty hundred Rebels Brigadier General Maxwell com- 
mands at Elizabeth Town, with his brigade consisting of 800 militia 
cantoned between Elizabeth Town and Newark. Col. Stephen Moylan 
is marched, it is said, to Lancaster, in Pennsylvania. A Southern 
brigade, commanded by a Col. Woodruff, lately consisting of nine 
hundred rank and file, we are informed are now reduced by desertion 
to 500." 

This statement effectually and positively proves the residence of 
Washington in the Wallace House at that time, and the Spy letter 
supplementing it, shows that he continued his residence there during 
the Winter and Spring. I do not think that it ever will be necessary 
to bring up this subject again, for it is now settled for all time that 
Washington resided in the Wallace House in the Winter and Spring 
and Summer of 1778-79, while his army lay encamped around him on 
the Raritan and its tributary streams. 

So much for the past : now for the present and future. Let me 
congratulate you on the unprecedented growth of our organization. 
Born less than two years ago, it has now attained a membership of 
nearly 400, with constant accessions to our members. Our home is 
purchased and is being rapidly filled with a very fine collection of arti- 
cles of great hi.storic value. We are daily receiving additions to them. 
While we have, it is true, a mortgage of $3,000 upon our property, we 



Anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktoivn. 2il 

confidently hope in the near future to entirely pay this off, so that at 
our next meeting it is our earnest wish that we may be able to announce 
to you that our property is clear and free of every debt whatsoever. 
There is hardly a day passes but what visitors come to our home from 
all parts of the United States, and some even from Europe and Japan. 
The interest in our undertaking is wide spread. With you, fellow 
members, rests the responsibilit}' of its future success. If each one 
of you would but guarantee the acccs.sion of an additional member 
it is all that we would ask. At some future time, when clear and 
free from debt, I hope to be able to erect upon the grounds a suit- 
able building adapted to hold our meetings in, with accommodations to 
entertain our guests. This can easily be done if we one and all will 
put our shoulders to the wheel and use our utmost endeavors to further 
our undertaking. I will not detain you longer from listening to the 
interesting remarks of the gentlemen who have kindly offered to address 
you on the subject for which we have met to-day, namely, the Anniver- 
sary of the Surrender at Yorktown. I take great pleasure in intro- 
ducing to you Mr. Alfred de Cordova, a nativ-e of New Jersey. 

Mr. de Cordova then spoke as follows : One hundred and sixteen 
years ago to-day the little village of Yorktown, Va., forever became 
world-famous. There and then the representative of Monarchy, Lord 
Cornv\"allis, surrendered his sword to the representative of Republican- 
ism, George Washington. There and then, after five long j-ears of 
struggle against what at first seemed hopeless odds, the seal of triumph 
was set on republican arms and the infant nation of the United States 
was u.shered into existence. Washington, the rebel, became Washing- 
ton, the Father of his Country. Could the rulers of Europe have 
looked forward with prophetic eye it is conceivable that the surrender 
at Yorktown would never have occurred, for it meant the victory of 
something more than a soldier ; it was something more than the ending 
of a war. In the picturesque language of Carlyle, it was " Democracy 
annouticing in rifle-volleys death-winged, under her Star Spangled 
Banner, to the tune of Yankee-doodle-doo, that she is born, and,, 
whirlwind-like, will envelop the whole woidd." 

In the century and more that have elapsed since that memorable 
da}-, what a man-elous shifting of scenes has been witnessed in the 
world's drama, and what a tremendous part in them has been taken by 
the American idea. A democratized England ; a Republican France : 
a new born Italy ; a new born Greece ; a cluster of American Repub- 
lics ; a unified Germany, all bear testimony to the world-wide importance 



38 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

of the combat which began at Lexington and ended at Yorktown. 
America lifted high, where all could see it, the shining standard of 
hope for the oppressed, and everywhere men began to learn that they 
could be free and that the issue lay in their own hands. And year by 
year the influence of the great Republic grows ; hers is the leadership 
of nations, in her is the hope of mankind. 

The advance of our land since that Yorktown day is well nigh 
incredible. I shall not weary you with statistics of population or 
wealth, with which you are all conversant, but I shall venture to say a 
word or two on the problems that now confront us, problems as grave 
as those which were victoriously solved at Yorktown. 

Our Republic has passed through one fearful strain, the Civil War, 
from which it emerged stronger than ever, with an appalling cost of 
blood and treasure. It would be idle to deny that we are to-day face to 
face with questions as burning as was human slavery. In the tremen- 
dous development of modern life, conditions have arisen which could 
not be foreseen by the makers of our Constitution and which we must 
meet and deal with broadly and generously. We live under the rule of 
the majority, and let it be remembered that more than six millions of 
our fellow citizens voted last year for the silver dollar as the panacea of 
all ills — a highly respectable minority — large enough to make one think 
seriously. To my mind it showed considerable discontent. Many of 
our citizens must have felt that they were not getting all that they were 
entitled to of the national sum total. The majority rejected the silver 
dollar cure, and I think did so most wisely, but we must not sit down 
and think there is nothing more to be done. Political movements come 
and go, but the wants and desires of men remain. Man is a hungry 
animal, with a keen taste for sweet things. Each wants his share of 
what is going, and to the extent of his capacities he is entitled to it. 
Society goes even beyond that and properly provides for the weak and 
helpless. Now the question of the day is called the fight between 
Capital and Labor. There should be no such fight. Capital and labor 
are one. Every man who does something with his hands or brains 
produces capital, Capital is accumulated labor — that and nothing 
else. The American idea — the Yorktown idea — properly applied, will 
cause the fight to vanish like a nightmare. It means equal justice, 
equal rights, equal privileges, equal opportunities. Show me a law 
that establishes an unequal privilege and I will vote to abolish it. 
Laws that unjustlj' favor capital or that unjustly favor labor are equally 
obnoxious. Let us realize that we are all American citizens, sharers 
in one great inheritence ; let us discuss all questions broadly, fairly. 



Anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktown. 39 

generously, and the common sense of our people can be relied upon to 
decide wisely. Rancor and bitterness will not avail. Fairness and 
justice will conquer. 

It is the privilege and duty of this Revolutionary Memorial Society 
to keep alive the memory of what has been done for human liberty and 
progress. It is also its privilege and duty to do all in its power to 
maintain liberty and aid progress. We are celebrating the anniversary 
of a right glorious day, that recalls to our memories the heroes without 
whom we had not been — may it stir us to renewed effort — may it kindle 
our patriotism to a brighter flame — may we one and all feel in our hearts 
the beautiful sentiment so well expressed by an American poet — 

" One flag, one land, one heart, one band. 
One Nation Evermore." 

" The Star Spangled Banner" was then recited in an impressive 
manner by Stephen Massett, who writes under the nom de plume of 
" Jeems Pipes," 

Prof. C. B. Gilbert, City Superintendent of Schools, Newark, then 
delivered an admirable address on "The Surrender of Cornwallis. " 
He said : 

Ladies and Gentlemen : — I deem it no mean honor that I have 
been invited to address you to-day. This historic spot, so suggestive 
that it lakes no wild flight of the imagination to see the immortal 
Washington assembled here with his advisers devising those great plans 
which gave us this free land, — the day, anniversary of one of the mem- 
orable days of the world's history ; a day which witnessed the culmina- 
tion of a great series of events, and the birth of new institutions full of 
promise to be fulfilled in the advancement of mankind ; — you who are 
here assembled, worthy descendants of patriot sires, men and women in 
whose family records may be read the entire history of this Republic — 
all these impress the mind and stimulate the imagination. 

The siege of Yorktown, ending with the surrender of Cornwallis, 
was a great military event— not great as such events are often judged, 
because of the number of men engaged and the extent of the slaughter, 
not great like Blenheim as understood by old Kaspar. Less than 
twenty thousand men were engaged on both sides, less than one 
thousand were killed, and yet history records few greater achievements 
in war. It was great in conception, great in execution, great in results. 
The plan was daring almost to hardihood, the execution was complete 
and brilliant, the results no one can compute. 



40 Revohitionary Memorial Society of Neiv Jersey. 

More than any other campaign of the war it showed Washington's 
military genius. Here he was not merely the wise and patient advisor, 
the Fabian leader, the magnanimous and devoted patriot, but tlie 
brilliant general. For boldness and dash no charge of Napoleon, or 
Prince Rupert or Sheridan ever surpassed it. For breadth of view and 
.skill in bringing about the desired result, not even Von Moltke could 
have excelled Washington. For the momentous character of the results, 
both Austerlitz and Waterloo must retire into the background. 

You do not need that I give you the record of tho.se last months, 
yet glance with me for a moment at the pictures presented. It was the 
last act of a great drama, whose first act opened at Bunker Hill. It 
opens in overwhelming gloom. Everywhere discouragement fills the 
breasts of the patriots, — in the South the defeat of Gates and the 
capture of his entire army ; throughout|the land, dire poverty, business 
practically killed, money worthless ; at the seat of government, mutiny, 
soldiers leaving their encampment to march to Philadelphia and prac- 
tically intimidate Congress. 

Washington's great heart was almost alone. As at Valley Forge 
and at other times of depression, he buoyed up the entire nation. At 
the opening of this drama, the two men who are to be the most prom- 
inent actors are eight hundred miles apart — Washington on the Hudson, 
Cornwallis in the Carolinas. 

The cause of the patriots in the beginning of the year seemed lost. 
In October it is won. Cornwallis, the best and ablest of the British 
generals, has been out-witted, out-marched and out-generaled, and 
finally surrenders his entire army. For suddenness of change and 
celerity of movement, I know of nothing more dramatic in the history 
of war. 

The first scene opens in the South. Cornwallis, having defeated 
Gates, exulting in victory, is laying plans for the restoration of the 
entire South to King George. There seems no hope that the rebellion 
can continue in this section. Suddenly a new character appears. 
Nathaniel Greene, like Arnold discredited by Congress, but unlike 
Arnold still loyal, has finally been placed in charge of the army of the 
vSouth. With incredible activity, he gathers together the remnants ot 
Gates's army, and associates with himself the militia whom Gates had 
despised to his own sorrow, headed by such men as Marion and Sumter. 
Blow after blow is struck at Cornwallis' s scattered forces. The Eng- 
lish general's dreams of continued conquests are suddenly changed, and 
he becomes alarmed for his own safety. Then he starts in pursuit of 
his troublesome foe, while Greene with wonderful skill and shrewdness 



Anniversary of the Siirrender at Yorktozvn. 41 

keeps just out of his way, only fighting when he is ready and even 
when defeated, winning his point. 

Thus he draws CornwalHs after him for two hundred miles into the 
North, the Englishman hoping for a final and decisive battle, the 
American anxious to separate the English army from its supplies. 
Finally Cornwallis burns his extra baggage, puts his army in light 
marching orders, and abandons everything in the hope of catching 
Greene, when the wily American, apparently almost caught, suddenly 
executes a flank movement, circumvents his foe completely, and while 
Cornwallis is wondering where he is gone, hurries back to the Carolinas 
and immediately begins their re-conquest. Cornwallis is left staring 
into the air. He cannot go back without admitting defeat, and he has 
no particular motive in going ahead, so he wanders about rather aim- 
lessly until finally with a great sigh of relief, he settles down upon the 
banks of the river York, in the very best place for his capture that he 
could have selected. 

The scene closes with Greene in possession of the greater part of 
the Carolinas, the English being shut up in their forlilications and 
Cornwallis encamped at Yorktown, waiting for something to turn up. 
It was about to turn. 

The second scene introduces new characters. It opens with Wasli- 
ington on the Hudson, watching New York. The American commander 
realizes that a vital blow must be struck soon, or the cause is lost. The 
English armies are concentrated in New York and on the Chesapeake. 
At one of these points the blow mu.st be struck. The English are 
masters of the sea and of the leading seaports. No conclusive victory 
can be earned without a navy. That is about to be supplied. 

The French king, anxious to injure England, has finally yielded 
to Lafayette's solicitations, and in addition to the alliance formed 
earlier, is actively aiding the Americans. Rochambeau with an army 
is already co-operating with Washington. Count de Grasse with a 
large fleet has been seut to the West Indies, and is now ordered to the 
Colonies to act in conjunction with Washington. 

At the opening of the scene, Washington is anxious to make the 
attack on New York, as he deems that the most vital point, but he is 
uncertain whether de Grasse's destination is the Chesapeake or New 
York. Finally he is informed that the French admiral is making for 
the Chesapeake. Though disappointed, he is not discouraged. He 
immediately has a conference with Rochambeau at Wethersfield, Con- 
necticut, instructs Lafayette to watch Cornwallis, and forms his plans 
for the last decisive campaign. 



42 Revoliilionary Memorial Society of N^ew Jersey. 

The scene closes with Washingjton still on the Hudson making 
final preparations for the march to Yorktown. with Lafaj^ette skillfully 
avoiding Cornwallis, who has boasted that he will capture " the boy," 
with Rochambeau hastening to join him, and with de Grasse making 
his way to the Chesapeake, with Sir Henry Clinton in serene ignorance, 
prepared to defend New York. 

The third scene opens with Washington hastening across New 
Jersey. Sir Henry Clinton still thinks that New York is to be the 
point of attack. Not a soul, except Washington and Rochambeau, 
knew their destination. But when they reach Philadelphia it dawns 
upon them that they are bound for Virginia, and the news spreads 
through the capital city, and is the cause of general rejoicing among 
the people. " Washington has gone," they say, " to catch Cornwallis 
in his mouse trap " As the patriot army marches through the city, 
great enthusiasm prevails. Though war-worn and tattered they are 
greeted with marks of affection and loj^alt)', while the French in their 
beautiful and dapper uniforms are welcomed with scarcely less enthu- 
siasm. 

The remainder of the march to Yorktown is made speedily and 
with little incident. De Grasse has arrived in the Chesapeake, out- 
witted the English commander, and secured the mouths of the York 
and the James rivers ; Lafayette has not only escaped Cornwallis, but 
has prevented Cornwallis' s own escape, and now joined by Rocham- 
beau, takes his position about the fated army. 

The scene closes with the French fleet and the allied armies of the 
French and Americans closely investing Yorktown. The mouse trap 
is shut and the mouse is inside. Perfect harmony prevails, and Wash- 
ington is chief. 

The last scene opens as the previous one closed, with the armies 
investing Yorktown. The siege is a short one. The end is near. 
Cornwallis makes one or two ineffectual efforts to escape, and finally 
accepts the inevitable. He proposes capitulation, terms are agreed 
upon, and on the 19th of October, 1781, the English army marches out 
and lays down its arms. Cornwallis is ill in his tent. His sword is 
taken and presented to General Lincoln, who represents the Com- 
mander-in-Chief. Lincoln courteously returns it. 

When Lincoln himself surrendered in the South, the English com- 
mander required the band of the American army to play only American 
tunes. Now, as a whimsical retaliation, the Briti.sh band accompanying 
the surrendering army is instructed to play a British or a German air. 
So while the soldiers are stacking their arms and surrendering them- 



Anniversary of the Siirrcnder at Yorktown. 43 

selves to the hated Colonists, the band pla3-s an old English melody, 
most appropriate, " The World Turned Upside Down." Thus ends 
the siege of Yorktown. 

The great drama is closed. Though the treaty of peace was not 
signed for nearly two years, the war was over. The struggle of the 
patriots for freedom had ended in victory. Neither America nor Eng- 
land, nor France nor civilization, should ever again be what it was. 
The world was turned upside down. 

As rapidly as couriers could fly, the news was carried throughout 
the Colonies. Early one morning in the latter part of October, the old 
German watch, stolidly pacing the streets of Philadelphia, called out 
with unwonted energy, " Bast dree o'glock, and Cornwallisisdakendt." 
People rushed from their beds. The streets were filled with excited 
throngs. The news was too good to be true, but it was true and the 
rejoicing knew no bounds. 

In the morning Congress solemnly assembled, while Washington's 
courier laid the glad intelligence before them. Later in the day that 
distinguished body marched to the Lutheran church and lifted up their 
hearts and voices in gratitude to Almighty God. 

A fast vessel was dispatched to France, and great was the rejoicing 
of the King and his courtiers. All too soon the news reached London> 
and even Lord North, abandoning his usual gayety of manner, flung 
his arms about and cried, " O, God, it is all over. It is all over. It 
is all over. ' ' And it was all over, more than Lord North could possibly 
imagine. The surrender of Cornwallis was the end of an era and the 
beginning of a new. The drama was closed. What was to follow was 
what always follows the closing of a drama of life, — gathering up the 
ends and beginning anew. 

What did this surrender of Cornwallis mean to civilization ? To 
the patriots who had been fighting for so many years it meant peace 
and opportunity, it meant freedom from unjust rule, it meant the begin- 
ning of a nation founded upon a new principle, offering to all men 
liberty of conscience, offering to the world an example never before seen 
of a great nation self-governing. It meant the development of all those 
noble institutions of which we are to-day proud, which we delight to 
honor, and for which we would gladly suffer and toil. But it meant 
more. It was pregnant with significance to civilized humanity. It 
waked up the world. 

It aroused people to a sense of their powers, it meant the beginning 
of a world-wide struggle for liberty. It stimulated men to put forth 
their best efforts, not selfishly, but for the good of mankind. 



44 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

In England it meant the overthrow of the ministrj-, but that itself 
was but the beginning. It meant the downfall of personal government. 
The power of George the Third was at an end, and he has had and can 
have no successor. The struggle of the Anglo-Saxon for freedom, 
beginning centuries before, that struggle of which the Magna Charta is 
the great instrument, was crowned with victory at Yorktown, and to- 
day in England freedom is almost as broad as in America. But for the 
success of the American arms, no one can tell how many centuries 
more would have been required to bring about this end. 

The Englishman going about his daily tasks, proud of his man- 
hood, proud of the great nation to which he belongs, and of which he 
now feels himself a free factor, may thank Washington and L,afayette 
and Rochambeau and DeGrasse and the American patriots for his 
greatest blessings. The world was set to thinking thoughts of free- 
dom. The success of the struggling little American Colonies on the 
Western Continent was not to be allowed to go unrivaled in the older 
States of the Old World. 

In France the fall of Yorktown meant the overthrow of the ruling 
dynasty. Strange coincidence ! Without the help of the French Em- 
peror the revolution would probably have been but an unsuccessful 
rebellion, and that very success which he himself made possible was 
one ot the chief causes of his downfall and of the French revolution, 
that dreadful outburst of an oppressed people, and of the subsequent 
events of a century ending in the great French Republic of to-day. 

It is impossible to conjecture accurately what would have happened 
under other conditions. Some other people might have arisen, and by 
a mighty example set the world on fire for freedom, but so far as we 
can see, no other people had a like opportunity. All other conspicuous 
attempts in history had failed. So bitter was the opposition among the 
ruling classes in the Old M^orld, that it seems to have been necessary 
that the first successful strike for freedom should be made in a remote 
land. The Colonies, protected by the ocean from powerful foes, with 
an unpeopled world to master and to labor in, with a citizenship excel- 
ling in average intelligence and virtue any people known in history, 
were surely the fittest instruments that the world has ever seen for 
proving that men can and should govern themselves, that freedom is 
not only consistent with law and with progress, but that it is essential 
to the best administration of law and to the most rapid and highest 
progress. 

This victory at Yorktown meant another thing strange in history, 
the separation of a race, the cutting in two of the great Anglo-Saxon 



Anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktown. 45 

stock, the best and most progressive stock among the nations of the 
present or of the past, leaving two independent vigorous branches, each 
in its way to work out the most diflScult, the most complex and the 
highest problems of civilization for mankind. 

While the American branch started de novo, to show to the world 
the happy and harmonious action of centripetal and centrifugal forces, 
no less did the European branch start upon a new line of development. 
The failure of the attempt to manage upon autocratic and imperial lines 
the American Colonies, changed the whole colonial policy of Great 
Britain, so that the vast empire to-day in.stead of being a concentrated, 
selfish, blood-sucking power, is, with all its faults, a great educating 
and broadening force in all parts of the globe. This change, so full of 
beneficence to man, dates from Yorktown. Truly Yorktown was the 
planting of the seed from which should grow a tree of life whose branches 
should fill the whole world. 

Hence, ladies and gentlemen, I have called Yorktown a great 
military achievement. No victory in history has been so pregnant with 
good to man. It is our inheritance. While mankind as a whole has 
been benefited from the efforts of our fathers, we are their children and 
their immediate heirs. 

May I be allowed in conclusion to suggest a few of the obligations 
that this inheritance places upon us, for great possessions bring great 
responsibilities, and no less is this true if the possessions are spiritual 
than if they are material. 

It rests with us, the descendants of those great men, to see to it 
that opportunit}' is still given to all men to make the most of them- 
selves for the good of humanity, to see, in the words of the immortal 
Lincoln, that " Government of the people, by the people, and for the 
people' ' 'shall not perish from the earth. We must see to it that faith 
in the educating and uplifting power of freedom is not lost. 

It is too common in these days to hear our government denounced 
as a failure, to have it said that free America is to follow in the foot- 
steps of the so-called republics of old, — that after all man needs to be 
governed by a stronger will. Ladies and gentlemen, such doctrine is 
wickedly false. It is true that we have made mistakes, it is true that 
we have many bad men in office, that public administration is often 
dishonest and cowardly, but it is not true that freedom is a failure, it 
is not true that our in.stitutions have lost their force and that we are on 
the downward road. It is sometimes even said that the best govern- 
ment is an ideal monarcliy. Nothing is more false. It is true that the 
material administration of affairs mioht be better under an ideal mon- 



46 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

archy, but the material admiuistratiou of affairs is but a minor oflnce of 
government. 

The training of people to wisdom and righteousness is the great 
end of organized civilized men, and this can only be secured where each 
will can work freely and where there is every inducement in environ- 
ment for every will to work for good with its whole force. 

No people can ever be educated for freedom but by freedom. If 
you are to wait for free government until the people of the nations are, 
in the eyes of their rulers, fit to govern themselves, you will wait for- 
ever. The responsibilities of government develop self-government. All 
nations may be made fit for self-government by self-government, and 
in no other way, and it is for us, the heirs of this great age, when our 
fathers dared to make the bold attempt, to see to it that this faith in 
freedom is kept alive. 

It is for us also to keep alive the sense of our diity to our institu- 
tions as such. It is too common for people of culture and character, 
people such as you who are here assembled, to neglect the obligations 
which devolve upon them as the real rulers of the State, to stay away 
from primaries, to decline to vote, to refuse to pollute themselves with 
the touch of politics, but there are hopeful signs. 

When the president of a great university is ready to sacrifice the 
dignity and the peace of such a position to enter the struggle for the 
wise government of a great city, when scholars are willing to go to 
Congress and to enter the councils of States and of municipalities, there 
is still hope. But it rests with us, descendants of the Colonial heroes, 
to shrink from no duty however simple or however disagreeable. Our 
patriotism must be carried into the minutest affairs of life. 

The best men should be willing, not merely to accept, but to 
struggle to obtain public positions in national. State and municipal 
government, in order that they may serve and may keep bad men out, 
for nowhere is there greater need or greater opportunity for noble 
example, high endeavor and lofty ideals. 

One thing more. The fundamental principle of our constitution, 
that for which our fathers struggled, was freedom of opportunity for all 
men. Men are created equal, not in power, not in privilege, but in 
rights. As has been realized bj' our greatest men, such as Washington 
and Webster, this country owes obligations not merely to itself, not 
solely to its own people, but to the world. It is for us to set the 
example to all mankind of love to all and freedom for all. 

A nation may be as selfish as an individual. Patriotism is often 
simply enlarged and expanded selfishness. A nation that seeks to shut 



Anniversary of the Surrender at Yorktown. 4j 

itself in so that no other nation can receive of its blessings, and builds 
aroTind itself walls of prejudice or of trade, is selfish. Nations no less 
than individuals, owe debts to humanity connnensurate with their 
privileges. 

The motto for every patriot should be ' ' not my country against the 
world," but "my country for the world." If we, the descendants of 
the early patriots, retain this ideal and struggle to make free America 
the great exemplar and the fruitful tree for all the world, and not 
merely for ourselves, we shall be worthy of our descent and our 
inheritance. 

The exercises closed with a dinner provided by the ladies of Gen- 
eral Frelinghuysen Chapter, D. A. R., of Somer\alle. It was served 
in the dining room supposed to have been used by General Washington 
when he occupied the Wallace House. 



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List of Members of the Revolutionary Memorial 
Society of New Jersey. 



Ernest R. Ackerman, Plainfield, N. J. 

William N. Adair, Raritan, N. J. 

Frederick G. Agens, lo Academy street, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. Caroline B. Alexander, Hoboken, N. J. 

Rev. Lyman Whitney Allen, D. D., 41 Spruce street, Newark. 

Theodore Allen, Peapack, N. J. 

Mrs. Horace Ailing, Newark, N. J. (Julia EUa. ) 

Miss Augusta Allison, Trenton, N. J. 

Miss Henrietta Allison, Trenton. N. J. 

John Amerman, Somerville, N. J. 

George W. Anderson, Somerville, N. J. 

Mrs. George W. Anderson, Somerville, N. J. (Helen.) 

Leroy H. Anderson Clinton street, Trenton, N, J. 

Mrs. Leroy H. Anderson, Princeton, N. J. (Margaret V. D. ) 

John D. Ashwell, New Brunswick, N. J. 

Fred C. Atwater, 728 Broad street, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. Fred. C. Atwater, 728 Broad street, Newark, N. J. (Verda Monte K. 

Sylvan as Ayres, Bound Brook. 

Mrs. Sylvanus Ayres, Bound Brook, N. J. ( Emma L. C. ) 

William S. Ayres, South Bound Brook, N. J. 

George F. Baker, 2 Wall street. New York City. 

Rev. Stephen L. Baldwin, D.D., 150- Fifth avenue. New York City. 

Joseph W. Ballantine, Somerville, N. J, 

Miss E. Ellen Batcheller, Millstone, N. J. 

Judge Joseph D. Bedle, Exchange Place, Jersey City, N. J. 

H. M. T. Beekman, North Branch, N. J. 

Frank Bergen, State Bank building, Elizabeth, N. J. 

James J. Bergen, Somerville, N. J. 

Mrs. James J. Bergen, Somerville, N. J. (Helen A.) 

J. Hunt Blackwell, 167 West State street, Trenton, N. J. 

John I. Blair, Blairstown, N. J. 

John L. Blake, Orange, N. J. 

Charles Bradley, iS James street, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. George W. Bramhall, South Orange, N. J. (Annie Jaques.) 

Frank O. Briggs, Trenton, N. J. 

Edward F. Brooks, Jersey City, N. J. 

James Brown, Jr., Somerville, N. J. (Six shares.) 

W. C. Brown, Jersey City, N. J. 

Mrs. James Buchanan, West State street, Trenton, N. J. (Mary.) 



50 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Broad Seal Ch. D. A. R., Mary S. Gummere, Secretary, Trenton. 
Boudiiiot Ch D. A. R., Elizabeth, N. J., Miss Virginia C. K. Glazebrook. 

trustee. 
John L. Cadwalader, 13 East 35tli street, New York City. (Two shares.) 
J. V Cain, Raritan, N. J. 

Walter Canmiann, Somerville, N. J. (One-half share.) 
John A. Campbell, West State street, Trenton. 
Mrs Olivers Carter, West Orange, N. J. (IsisP. ) 
William H. Cawley, Somerville, N. J. 
Fred. F. Chambers, Somerville, N. J. 
Mrs. William A. Childs, Englewood, N. J. (Julia S.) 
J. Evarts Clancy, Trenton, N. J. 
Miss Mary S. Clark, Belvidere, N. J. 
J. B. Cleaver, Bound Brook, N. J 
Ernest E. Coe, 742 Broad street, Newark. 
Gilbert Collins, Jersey City, N. J. 
Francis S. Conover. Princeton, N. J. 
Charles Howell Cook, Belle Mead, N. J. 
G. Snowden Cook, Somerville, N J. 
Dr. J. Howard Cooper, Middlebush, N. J. 
Thomas Cooper, East Millstone, N. J. 
Calvin Corle, Neshanic, N. J. 
Dr. J. B. Cornell, Somer\ille. 

William S. Covert, 231 East Hanover street, Trenton. 
Mrs. Rowland Co,^, Plainfield, N. J. (Fanny C.) 
John Daniel Crimmins, 50 East Fifty-ninth street. New York City. 
Mrs. Amos J. Curamings, 32 Charlton street. New York. (Frances C. R.) 
Continental Ch., D. A. R., Mrs. I. B. Dumont, Plainfield, N. J. (20 shares.) 
Camp Middlebrook Ch., D. A. R., Mrs. Magdalene D. DeMott, Bound Brook. 
Mrs. Charles B. Dahlgren, West State street, Trenton, N. J. (Avigusta. ) 
Sarah M. Davey, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. S. K. Daw.son, 192 Prospect street. East Orange, N. J. (Anna E. ) 
Henry H. Dawson, Prudential Building, Newark. 
Miss Anna L. Dayton, West State street, Trenton. 
Judge William L. Dayton, Trenton, (deceased. ) 
Hiram E. Deats, Flemington, N. J. 

Frederick de Coppet, i West Seventy-Second street. New York City. 
Mrs Fred, de Coppet, i W. Seventy Second street. New York City (Jane A. ) 
Alfred de Cordova, New York City. 
Miss Elizabeth Deraaray, Somerville. 

Miss Marie Louise de Mund, 8734 Second avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Mrs. David A. Depue, 21 East Park street, Newark, N. J. (Delia A.) 
James Desliler, 151 Livingston avenue, New Brunswick. 
Peter DeWitt. Somerville, N. J. 

Gen. S. Meredith Dickinson, West State street, Trenton. 
Mrs. S. Meredith Dickinson, Trenton, N. J. (Garetta M.) 
George A. Dilts, Raritan, N. J. 
Fred. A. Disborough, Somerville, N. J. 
Gen. Richard A. Donnelly, Trenton, N. J. 
Wilbur Doremus, 27 Lincoln avenue, Newark. 



L ist of Man bers. 5 ^ 

Miss Sarah N. Doughty, Absecou, N. J. 

Mrs. Robert Dun Douglas, Llewellyn Tark, West Orange. 

J. V. Duke, Somerville, N. J. Two and one-half shares. 

N. P. Durling, Raritan, N. J. 

Eagle Rock Chapter, 1). A. R., Mrs. E. C. Bradley, trustee, Montclair, N. J. 

Five shares. 
George D. Ehni. Raritan, N. J. 
James L. Elmendorf, Millstone, N. J. 
John E. Elmendnrf, New Brunswick, N. J. 
Mrs. Alonzo Emery, Somerville, N. J. (Virginia W.) 
Joseph E- Fagan, East Millstone, N. J. 
Mrs. R. E. Fairchild, Parsippauy, N. J. 
Samuel A. Farrand, 99 Spruce street, Newark. 
Miss Elizabeth Mabel Flood, Newark. 
Frederick Frelinghuysen, 774 Broad street, Newark. 
Jcseph S. Frelinghuysen, Somerville, N. J. 
Elisha B. Gaddis, 1016 Broad street, Newark. 
Mrs. Elisha B. Gaddis, 1016 Broad .street, Newark 
Miss Sarah Edith Gaddis, 1016 Broad street, Newark. 
Miss Mary P. Garnett, Hoboken, N. J. 
Nicholas C. Garretson, Somerville, N. J. 
Stephen E. Garretson, Somerville, N. J. 
Hugh K. Gaston, Somerville, N. J. 

Gen. Frelinghuysen Chapter, I). .A. R., E. G. Nevius, treasurer, Somerville. 
Gen. I). Forman Chapter, D. A. R., Laura Wilson, treas., 45 Montgomery 

place, Trenton. 
Mrs. George M. Gillies, 101 West 73d street, New York. (Elizabeth F.) 
Henry W. Green, West State street, Trenton. 
Foster C. Griffith. Trenton, N. J. 
Dr. John H. Griffith, Phillipsburg. N. J. 
Mrs. James L. Griggs, Somerville, N. J. (M.ary S. ) 
Barker Gummere, Jr., Trenton, N. J. 

Mrs. F. Ernest Hegeme5'er, Scotland Road, S. Orange. N. J, (Garctta P.) 
William A. Halsey, 333 Mt. Prospect avenue, Newark, N. J. 
Hugh H. Hamill, Trenton, N.J. 

Mrs. Hugh H. Hamill, Trenton, N. J. (Elizabeth D. G.) 
Morris R. Plamilton, Trenton, N. J. 
William S. Hancock, Trenton, N. J. 
William Hardgrove, Somerville, N. J. 
John R. Hardin, Prudential Building, Newark. 
Mrs. Henrj- Hardwicke, Somerville, N. J. (k. L. C.) 
Henry Hardwicke, Somerville, N. J. 
Elwood C. Harris, Prudential Building, Newark. 
Abel W. Hartwell, Princeton, N. J. 

Mrs. Hugh N. Hartwell, Someri-ille, N. J. (Mary Davenport.) 
William P. Hawes, Orange, N. J. 

Howard W. Hayes, Prudential Building, Newark, N. J. 
Abram S. Hewitt, 17 Burling Slip, New York. 

Mrs. Thomas R. Hill, 1302 McCullough St., Ealtiniore. (Harriet.) 2 shares. 
Charles C. Hine, 209 Washington avenue, Newark, N. J. [Deceased.] 



52 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Charles G. Hine, 209 Washington avenue, Newark. 

H. A. C. Hines, Bound Brook, N J. 

Philemon L. Hoadley, 21 Roseville avenue, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. George H. Hodenpyl, Summit, N. J. [Margaret C] 

C. S. Hoffman, Somerville, N. J. 

William H. Hoppock, Somerville, N. J. [Deceased.] 

Mrs. William H. Hoppock, Somerville, N. J. [Louisa C] 

Mrs. Edward B. Hopwood, 79 Third avenue, Newark, N. J. [Kate E.] 

George E. Howe, 108 Arlington avenue, East Orange, N. J. 

Miss Eliza D. Howell, i West Seventy-second street, New York City. 

James E. Howell, Prudential Building, Newark, N. J. 

Miss Ida Hulick, Millstone, N. J 

John W. Hulsizer, East Millstone, N. J. 

Rukard Hurd, 23 East Fourth street, St. Paul, Minn. 

Barton E. Hutchinson, East State street, Trenton, N, J. 

William F. Hutchinson, 265 and 267 Broadway, New York City. 

F. Wolcott Jackson, 656 High street, Newark, N J. 

Mrs F. Wolcott Jackson, 656 High street, Newark, N. J. (Nannie Nye.) 

Mrs. Fred. W. Jackson, 656 High street, Newark, N. J. iLouise Arnold.) 

E C Jameson, 80 William street, New York City. 

Heury L. Janeway, New Brunswick, N. J. (Three shares.) 

Taylor Jelliff, Bound Brook, N. J. 

Miss Ari.stena A. Judd, Somerville, N. J. 

Jersey Blue Ch., D. A. R., Miss Kate Deshler, Regent, New Brunswick. 

Edward Q. Keasbey, 763 Broad street, Newark. 

Henry C. Kelsey, Newark, N. J. 

Stewart A. Kenny, Somerville, N. J. 

D. R. Kenyon, Raritan, N J. (Two and one-half shares. ) 
Mrs. Coleman Kissam, Orange, N. J. (Anne.) 
Anthony R. Kuser, Trenton, N J. 

John L. Kuser, Trenton, N. J 

George La Monte, loi and 103 Fulton street. New York City. 

M. P. Lane, Somerville, N. J. 

Judge William M. Lanning, Trenton, N J. 

Miss Emma G. Lathrop, 992 Broad street, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. Benjamin F. Lee, Trenton, N. J. (Annabella Wilson.) 

Benjamin F. Lee, West State street, Trenton, N.J. 

Francis B. Lee, West State street, Trenton, N. J. 

Walter S. Lenox, 256 Jackson street, Trenton, N J. 

William H. Leupp, 16 William street. New York City. 

Ed%vin .A. S. Lewis, Hoboken, N. J 

Mrs Edward P. C. Lewis, Hoboken, N. J. 

Augustus C. Lindsley, Somerville, N. J. 

John N. Lindsley, Orange, N. J. 

J. I. Livingston, Bound Brook, N J. 

George L. Loomis, Somerville, N. J. 

John H. Lord, Somerville, N. J. 

Mrs. Anna M. Lothrop, 152 Greenwood avenue, Trenton. 

Ex-Gov. George C. Ludlow, New Brunswick. 

Adolph Mack, Somerville, N. J. (Five shares.) 



List of Members. 53 

Mrs. Adolph Mack, Somerv-ille, N. J. (Theresa.) 

Mrs. Emory McCliutock, (The Grosvenor) 355th ave., N. Y. (Isabella B.) 

Mrs. Charles W. McCutchen, Plainfield, N. J. (Mary I. S.) Two shares. 

Malcolm MacDonald, 532 Cooper street, Camden, N. J. 

Miss Kate E. McFarlane, Rocky Hill, N. J. 

Chancellor Alexander T. McGill, Jersey City. 

Mrs. Charles McMillan, Princeton, N. J. (Annis F.) 

Allan Marquand, Princeton, N. J. 

John E. Marsh, 51 Liberty street, New York City. 

Mrs, A. F. R. Martin, Park Place, Newark, N. J. (A. E. C. B.) 

Mrs. Margaret Mather, Bound Brook, N. J. 

John H. Merz, Somerville, N. J. 

D. N. Messier, Somerville, N. J. 

Mrs. Oscar B. Mockridge, 2iA Belleville avenue, Newark. (Caroline F.) 

Oscar S. Mockridge, 244 Belleville avenue, Newark, N. J. 

Miss Mary Maxwell Moore, 177 Greenwood avenue, Trenton, N. J. 

Junius S. Morgan, 44 Pine street. New York City. 

Arthur J. Moses, Trenton, N.J. 

Mrs. John Moses, Trenton, N. J. (Olivia G. 

Dr. George S. Mott, Newark, N. J. 

Hon. Franklin Murphy, Newark, N. J. 

Mrs. Franklin Murphy, 40 Park Place, Newark, N. J. (Janet.) 

Mrs Laurence Myers, 537 East Front street, Plainfield, N.J. 

William Nelson, Paterson, N. J. 

Jacob Nevius, Somerville, N. J. 

Paul T. Norton, Somer\-ille, N. J. 

P. Hanford Oakley, Bound Brook, N. J. 

Mrs. John Olendorf, Bound Brook, N. J. (Elizabeth.) 

Mrs. S. Duncan Oliphant, Trenton, N. J. (Beulah.) 

Orange Ch. D. R., Mrs. Herbert Turrell, Treas., P. O. Box 45, Orange Valley. 

Mi-ss Caroline J. Otis, Somerville, N. J. 

Frederick Parker, Freehold, N. J. 

Mrs. Neilson T. Parker, New Brunswick, N. J. (Julia C.) 

Neilson T. Parker, New Brunswick, N.J. 

Samuel H. Pennington, Jr., 763 Broad street, Newark. 

William Pennington. 751 Broad street, Newark, 

Mrs. John Pettit, Orange. N. J. (Alida R.) 

Mrs. Charles B. Piatt, Englewood, N.J. (Lilian F.) 

Mrs. Matthias Plum, Jr., 1015 Broad st., Newark, N. J. (Mary C. Gaddis.) 

John A. Powelson, Somerville, N. J. 

Mrs. E. G. Putnam, 219 South Broad street, Elizabeth, N. J. (Mary N.' 

Moses Taylor P)'ne, 52 Wall street. New York City. 

Miss Florence Osgood Rand, 36 Hawthorne Place, Montclair, N. J. 

Charles A. Reed, Plainfield, N. J. 

Mrs. Hugh B. Reed, Somerville, N. J. (Annie E.) 

Miss Annie M. Reed, 32 We.st Fortieth street. New York City. 

Louis T. Reed, M.D,, Somerville, N. J. 

Dr. Ernest C. Richardson, Princeton, N.J. 

Mrs. Daniel Robert, Somerville, N. J (Angeline Lance.) Five shares. 

Daniel Robert, Somerville, N.J. Five shares. 



54 Revolulionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Mrs. Thomas Roberts, Riverton, N. (E- H. B.) 

Elwood Parsons Robins, Somerville, N. J. 

Charles G. Rockwood, 759 Broad street, Newark, N. J. 

Prof. Charles G. Rockwood, Jr., Princeton, N. J. 

Mrs. Washington A. Roebling, Trenton, N. J. (Emily W.) Three shares.) 

Washington A. Roebliug, Trenton, N. J. 

John A. Roebling, Trenton, N. J. 

Mrs. F. W. Roebling, Trenton, N. J. (Margaret G.) 

Mrs. David Hill Roland, Plainfield, N. J. (Alice Story.) 

Mrs. William Runckle, Centre street, Orange. (Carrie ) 

Gen. James F. Rusliug, Trenton, N. J. 

Mrs. Archibald Russell, 21 West Tenth street, New York. (Helen I.> 

George J. Ryan, 713 Garden street, Elizabeth, N. J. 

Miss Mary Cecilia Ryan, Elizabeth, N. J. 

Mrs. G. W. Sanborn, Somerville, N. J. (Mary B.) 

Jo.seph M. Sayre, Newark, N. J. Two shares. 

Charles Schwed, Somerville, N. J. 

E. C. Schott, Somerville, N. J. 

John H. Scudder, West State street, Trenton, N. J. 

Augustus Shaw, Somerville, N.J. 

Mrs. William W. Shippen, 160 East 38th street, New York. (Georgina E.) 

Mrs. William M. Sloan, Princeton. (Mary E.) 

Abel I. Smith, Hoboken. 

Mrs. .Abel I. Smith, 146 West 76th street. New York. (Laura H.) 

Miss Dora Smith, 146 West 76 street. New York City. 

J.J. Smith, Box 225 Somerville, Y^ share. 

J. Ward Smith, Prudential Building, Newark. 

Miss Laurastine Cotheal Smith, " The Aldine," Newark. 

Mrs. Sanford H. Smith, 56 Park place, Newark, (Edwina Whelpley. ) 

Smith & Gaston, Somerville. 

Mrs. Robert William Steele, Kingman Road, Montrose Park, South Orange. 

(Virginia E.' 
W. V. Steele, Somerville. 
Colonel Edwin A. Stevens, Hoboken. 
Mrs. Edwin A. Stevens, Hoboken. (Martha B.) 
Mrs. Frederic W. Stevens, South Orange. ^Mary Worth.) 
Gen. Richard F. Stevens, Prudential Building, Newark. 
Mrs. Richard F. Stevens, South Orange. (Emily G.) 
Miss .\daline W. Sterling, Englewood. 
Bayard Stockton, Princeton. 
Gen. Robert F. Stockton, Trenton. 
Edward H. Stokes, Trenton. 

Dr. Samuel S. Stryker, 39 Walnut street, Philadelphia. 
T. C Stryker, Somerville. 
Gen. William S. Stryker, Trenton. 
Arthur P. Sutphen, Somerville. 
Mrs. Josephine A T. Swann, Princeton. 
R. H. Swazey, Bound Brook. 

Summit Chapter D. R., Mrs. N. B. Randall, Summit, N J. (Sara T.) 
Dr. S. O. B. Taylor, Millstone. 



List of Mcjubers. 55 

William H. Taylor, Somerville. 

William J. Taylor, Bound Brook. 

Terriberry & Kiuuey, Somerville. 

John Calvin Thatcher, East Millstone. 

Lewis .-v. Thompson, Somerville. 

W. H. Thompson, Somerville. Two shares. 

Charles B. Thurston, (Pennsylvania Railroad,) Jersey City. 

F. M. Tichenor, Newark. 

Miss Julia H. Tichenor, Newark. 

William Toothe, 92 Liberty street. New York City. ■ 

Benjamin S. Totten, Middlebush, N. J. 

William Henry Vail, Blairstovvn, N. J. 

Mrs. William L. Vaudeveer, Somerville. (Elizabeth S.) 

R. H. Van Clief, Millstone. 

J. Newton Vanderbeek, Lanington, N. J. 

Ferdinand Vandervere, Somerville. 

P. V. D. Van Doren, Millstone. 

Voorhees T. Van Fleet, Somerville. 

Peter C. Van Nuys, Somerville. 

Mrs. Rhynier Veghte, Somerville. (Mary R.) 

Miss Clara King Vezin, 712 Grove street, Elizabeth. 

Mrs. F. V. D. Voorhees, Bound Brook. (Anna L. M.) 

Charles H. Voorhees, Rocky Hill. 

Charles L. Voorhees, Somerville. 

J. Vred. Voorhees, Somerville. 

L. R. Vredenburgh, Somerville. 

Garret D. W. Vroom, Trenton. 

Miss Maria E. Vroom, West State street, Trenton. 

Edwin R. Walker, Trentou. 

Joseph M. Ward, 763 Broad street, Newark. 

Marcus L. Ward, Prudential Building, Newark. 

Mrs. Robert Ward, South Orange, (Mary S.) 

Spencer Weart, Jersey City. 

Mrs. Spencer Weart, Jersey City, (Clara Southmayd.) 

Charles S. Webbe, 3 Madison avenue, Newark. 

Miss Nina M Weeks, 40 Mt. Prospect avenue, Newark. 

Miss Renee H. Weeks, 40 Mt. Prospect avenue, Newark. 

William R. Weeks, Prudential Building, Newark. 

Mrs. William R. Weeks, 40 Mt. Prospect avenue, Newark, (Irene L.) 

Miss Ella C. Westcott, Somerville. 

Prof. Andrew F. West, Princeton. 

Johu Whitehead, Prudential Building, Newark. 

William H. Whiting, Bound Brook. 

Miss Maria E. Williams, iS Linden Place, Orange. 

Mrs. Benjamin Williamson, 646 Pearl street, Elizabeth, (Emily E.' 

S. Manning Wikoff, Millstone. 

Miss .Aunie R. Wiufield, 927 Resident street, Brooklyn. 

Mrs. Clifford Woodhull, Newark, (Martha F.) 

Judge Robert S. Woodrufif, Trenton. 

Col. Edward H. Wright, 24 Park Place, Newark. 



56 Revolutionary Memorial Society of New Jersey. 

Mrs. Edward H. Wright, 24 Park Place, Newark, (Dorothea M.) 

Rev. Harrison B Wright, Somerville. 

Mrs. John Wright, 383 East gth street, St. Paul, Minn. (Mary E. Howell.) 

James T. Wrightson, M.D., 12 Central avenue, Newark. 

William H. Wyckoff, Raritan. 

Frederick B. Yard, 6 North Broad street, Trenton. 

Mrs. Charles B. Yardley, 332 William street. East Orange, (Margaret T. 

Thomas J. Yorke, Salem, N.J. 

Edward F. C. Young, Jersey City. 



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